In 2021, this post here on StackOverflow:

How are GCC and g++ bootstrapped? -> Andrius Strikonas' answer

explained how GCC can be bootstrapped beginning with a tiny assembler taking just a hex dump with no labels and macros. The bootstrapping chain was:

hex0 -> hex1 -> hex2 -> M0 -> M2-Planet -> Mes -> Mescc -> TCC -> GCC 4 -> GCC

This has a few shortcomings, e.g.:

• Takes a detour via Scheme to get from a weaker C-subset compiler to a stronger C-subset compiler.
• hex0-like assembler seem to exist for only a few platforms; and other links along the chain may also be platform-constrained.

Has the state of this chain 'improved' since 2021? Or are there other, more compelling, bootstrapping chains available these days?