I would like to create a WAR package with maven, that can be deployed under Tomcat (9 or above) and also can be executed on the command line (= CLI). I already realised to make a package, that could be deployed either under Tomcat or could be executed on the CLI, but not both in the same package. This article says:

This new class can now be used to run the application using embeddedd Jetty or Tomcat, internally, and it can be deployed to any Servlet 3 container.

But it didn't work for me (neither under Tomcat nor in CLI).

I have the following project structure:

pom.xml

src/main/java/My/App.java
src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/config
src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml
src/main/webapp/doc
src/main/webapp/resources

src/test/java/My/AppTest.java
src/test/config
src/test/resources

In the generated .WAR there is the following structure:

WEB-INF/classes/My/App.class
WEB-INF/config  //configs of My.App
WEB-INF/lib  //dependencies of My.App as  .JAR
WEB-INF/web.xml  //required by Tomcat
doc  //some docs accessible within the running application
resources  //resources of My.App

This is almost good for deploying under Tomcat; the only problem is that My/App.class should also be in a .JAR file under WEB-INF/lib.

I also can't start the .WAR in the CLI (with java -jar), because the JVM can't find the dependencies of My/App.class, even if MANIFEST.MF has ClassPath with entries e.g.:

WEB-INF/lib/dp1.jar
WEB-INF/lib/dp2.jar

Can someone help me please to achieve this ?

The content of App.java (based on the example in the article above):

package My;

import org.apache.catalina.Context;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException;
import org.apache.catalina.Wrapper;
import org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector;
import org.apache.catalina.core.StandardVirtualThreadExecutor;
import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.ContextEnvironment;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.FilterDef;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.FilterMap;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.support.SpringBootServletInitializer;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.core.io.ResourceLoader;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.ResourcePatternResolver;
import java.util.logging.Logger;


public class App extends SpringBootServletInitializer {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(App.class.getName());


    @Override
    protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
        return application.sources(App.class);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws LifecycleException, UnknownHostException {
        Tomcat tomcat = createAndConfigureTomcat();
        tomcat.start();
        tomcat.getServer().await();
    }

    public static Tomcat createAndConfigureTomcat() throws UnknownHostException {
        Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();

        String docBase = new File(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir") + "/tomcat-" + Math.random()).getAbsolutePath();
        tomcat.setBaseDir(docBase);
        tomcat.getHost().setAppBase(docBase);
        tomcat.enableNaming();
        
        // ... etc
    }
}

The content of pom.xml:

    4.0.0
    My.app
    My.app
    0.1
    war


    
        17
        17
        UTF-8
        UTF-8

        7.0.0-M7
        2.4
        9.0.104
        
        3.13.0
        3.4.0
        3.4.2
        0.8.12
    


    
        
            org.springframework
            spring-aop
            ${spring.version}
        
        
        
            org.springframework
            spring-core
            ${spring.version}
        
        
        
            org.springframework
            spring-context
            ${spring.version}
        
        
        
            org.springframework
            spring-expression
            ${spring.version}
        
        
        
            org.springframework
            spring-web
            ${spring.version}
        
        
        
            org.yaml
            snakeyaml
            ${snakeyaml.version}
        
        
        
            org.apache.tomcat.embed
            tomcat-embed-core
            ${tomcat.version}
        

        
            org.apache.tomcat.embed
            tomcat-embed-el
            ${tomcat.version}
        

        
            org.apache.tomcat.embed
            tomcat-embed-jasper
            9.0.44
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
            
                
                    maven-compiler-plugin
                    ${maven-compiler-plugin.version}
                
                
                
                    org.apache.maven.plugins
                    maven-jar-plugin
                    ${maven-jar-plugin.version}
                
                
                
                    maven-war-plugin
                    ${maven-war-plugin.version}
                    
                        src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml
                        false
                        
                            
                                true
                                true
                                
                                WEB-INF/lib/
                            
                            
                                ${project.version}
                                ${maven.build.timestamp}
                                
                                WEB-INF/classes/
                                My.App
                            
                        
                    
                

                
                    org.jacoco
                    jacoco-maven-plugin
                    ${jacoco.version}
                
            
            
            
            
            
                
                    src/test/config
                
            
    


    
        
            coverage
            
                
                    
                        org.jacoco
                        jacoco-maven-plugin
                        
                            
                                prepare-agent
                                
                                    prepare-agent
                                
                            
                            
                                report
                                
                                    report