Imagine I have a table called preferences tracking users' e-mail preferences. It has the following columns:

• preferences_id (primary key)

• user_id (link to the user table, not unique for various reasons)

• marketing_emails (boolean)

• security_emails (boolean)

• handwritten_emails (boolean)

Now, by default, I consider all e-mail types to be enabled, however, for various reasons, I cannot create a row in the preferences table for every user right after they register, only after they change their preferences.

So when a user disables marketing e-mails, I want to either:

1. Insert a new row like: INSERT INTO preferences (user_id, marketing_emails, security_emails, handwritten_emails) VALUES (?,0,1,1,);

   OR

2. Update an existing row for the user like: UPDATE preferences SET marketing_emails = 0 WHERE user_id = ?;

Is there a way to combine both cases in a single query in MySQL, or do I have to first do a separate check if a row for the given user_id already exists and then execute one of the two queries?