Q.1 Which tissue in plants is primarily responsible for photosynthesis?
Xylem
Phloem
Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Explanation - Parenchyma cells, especially in the mesophyll of leaves, contain chloroplasts and carry out photosynthesis.
Correct answer is: Parenchyma
Q.2 Which plant tissue provides mechanical support and is thick-walled and lignified?
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Parenchyma
Phloem
Explanation - Sclerenchyma cells have thick, lignified walls and provide structural support to plants.
Correct answer is: Sclerenchyma
Q.3 The Casparian strip is found in which part of the plant?
Xylem vessels
Endodermis
Phloem sieve tubes
Cortex
Explanation - The Casparian strip, made of suberin, is present in the endodermal cell walls and regulates water movement into the xylem.
Correct answer is: Endodermis
Q.4 Stomata are primarily involved in:
Water transport
Photosynthesis
Gas exchange
Support
Explanation - Stomata allow exchange of gases (CO2 and O2) between the plant and the atmosphere and also help in transpiration.
Correct answer is: Gas exchange
Q.5 Secondary growth in plants is mainly due to the activity of:
Apical meristem
Intercalary meristem
Lateral meristem
Root cap
Explanation - Lateral meristems (cambium and cork cambium) are responsible for secondary growth, increasing the girth of stems and roots.
Correct answer is: Lateral meristem
Q.6 The outermost layer of a plant root is called:
Endodermis
Epidermis
Cortex
Pericycle
Explanation - The epidermis is the outermost protective layer of the root, sometimes modified into root hairs for absorption.
Correct answer is: Epidermis
Q.7 Phloem transports:
Water and minerals
Sugars
Proteins
Hormones only
Explanation - Phloem is responsible for translocation of organic nutrients, primarily sucrose, from leaves to other parts of the plant.
Correct answer is: Sugars
Q.8 Which of the following is a simple permanent tissue?
Collenchyma
Xylem
Sclerenchyma
Parenchyma
Explanation - Parenchyma is a simple permanent tissue consisting of living cells with thin walls, involved in storage, photosynthesis, and tissue repair.
Correct answer is: Parenchyma
Q.9 What type of vascular bundle is present in dicot stems?
Closed collateral
Open collateral
Conjoint bicollateral
Radial
Explanation - Dicot stems have open collateral vascular bundles, which contain cambium between xylem and phloem allowing secondary growth.
Correct answer is: Open collateral
Q.10 Which cell organelle is abundant in actively dividing meristematic cells?
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Vacuole
Explanation - Meristematic cells are actively dividing and have a prominent nucleus to control cell division and growth.
Correct answer is: Nucleus
Q.11 In which tissue are sieve tubes and companion cells found?
Xylem
Phloem
Parenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Explanation - Sieve tubes and companion cells are specialized cells of phloem that facilitate the transport of organic nutrients.
Correct answer is: Phloem
Q.12 The pith in dicot stems is primarily composed of:
Collenchyma
Parenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Xylem
Explanation - The central region of dicot stems, called pith, consists of parenchyma cells that store food and help in structural support.
Correct answer is: Parenchyma
Q.13 Tracheids are a feature of which plant tissue?
Xylem
Phloem
Collenchyma
Parenchyma
Explanation - Tracheids are elongated, lignified cells of xylem that conduct water and provide mechanical support.
Correct answer is: Xylem
Q.14 Collenchyma provides:
Water conduction
Mechanical support and flexibility
Photosynthesis
Transport of nutrients
Explanation - Collenchyma has thickened cell walls at corners and provides support to young stems and leaves while allowing flexibility.
Correct answer is: Mechanical support and flexibility
Q.15 The endodermis is characterized by the presence of:
Lignin
Suberin
Cellulose only
Cutin
Explanation - The Casparian strip of endodermis contains suberin, a waxy substance that blocks passive flow of water.
Correct answer is: Suberin
Q.16 Monocot roots typically have:
Xylem in a cross shape
Xylem in a ring
No xylem
Xylem in separate bundles
Explanation - Monocot roots have xylem and phloem arranged in a ring, with pith in the center.
Correct answer is: Xylem in a ring
Q.17 In which plant tissue would you find fibers providing tensile strength?
Parenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Collenchyma
Phloem
Explanation - Sclerenchyma fibers are long, narrow, and lignified cells that provide tensile strength to plant organs.
Correct answer is: Sclerenchyma
Q.18 Which meristem is responsible for increase in length of plant?
Lateral meristem
Apical meristem
Intercalary meristem
Cork cambium
Explanation - Apical meristem is located at the tips of roots and shoots and is responsible for primary growth (lengthening).
Correct answer is: Apical meristem
Q.19 Root hairs are extensions of which plant cells?
Cortical cells
Epidermal cells
Endodermal cells
Pericycle cells
Explanation - Root hairs are tubular extensions of epidermal cells that increase surface area for water and mineral absorption.
Correct answer is: Epidermal cells
Q.20 Which type of xylem cells are dead at maturity?
Tracheids
Vessel elements
Xylem parenchyma
Both Tracheids and Vessel elements
Explanation - Tracheids and vessel elements are dead at maturity and function in water conduction and mechanical support.
Correct answer is: Both Tracheids and Vessel elements
Q.21 Which tissue forms the periderm in woody plants?
Cork cambium
Apical meristem
Phloem
Xylem
Explanation - Cork cambium (phellogen) is a lateral meristem that produces cork cells, forming the protective periderm of woody plants.
Correct answer is: Cork cambium
Q.22 The vascular cambium is located between:
Xylem and phloem
Phloem and cortex
Cortex and epidermis
Xylem and pith
Explanation - Vascular cambium is a lateral meristem that lies between xylem and phloem and contributes to secondary growth.
Correct answer is: Xylem and phloem
Q.23 Which plant tissue is involved in storage of food?
Collenchyma
Parenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Phloem
Explanation - Parenchyma cells store starch, oils, and other nutrients in roots, stems, and leaves.
Correct answer is: Parenchyma
Q.24 Xylem vessels are absent in:
Angiosperms
Gymnosperms
Ferns
Bryophytes
Explanation - Bryophytes lack true xylem and phloem; they rely on diffusion for water and nutrient transport.
Correct answer is: Bryophytes
Q.25 What is the main function of lenticels in woody stems?
Water absorption
Gas exchange
Support
Food storage
Explanation - Lenticels are porous structures in the periderm that allow gaseous exchange between internal tissues and atmosphere.
Correct answer is: Gas exchange