Q.1 Which of the following is an example of recombinant DNA technology?
Production of insulin using E. coli
Fermentation of alcohol using yeast
Production of yogurt
Photosynthesis in plants
Explanation - Recombinant DNA technology involves combining DNA from different sources. Insulin production in E. coli uses a human insulin gene inserted into bacterial DNA.
Correct answer is: Production of insulin using E. coli
Q.2 Which enzyme is commonly used to cut DNA at specific sequences?
Ligase
Polymerase
Restriction endonuclease
Helicase
Explanation - Restriction endonucleases (restriction enzymes) recognize specific DNA sequences and cleave DNA at those sites.
Correct answer is: Restriction endonuclease
Q.3 Which vector is commonly used to transfer genes into plants?
Bacteriophage
Plasmid
Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Retrovirus
Explanation - Ti plasmids from Agrobacterium tumefaciens are engineered to deliver foreign genes into plant cells.
Correct answer is: Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Q.4 PCR is used in biotechnology to:
Amplify DNA segments
Sequence proteins
Synthesize RNA
Cleave DNA molecules
Explanation - Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplifies specific DNA sequences, creating millions of copies from a small sample.
Correct answer is: Amplify DNA segments
Q.5 Which organism is used in the production of human insulin through genetic engineering?
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Escherichia coli
Bacillus subtilis
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Explanation - E. coli bacteria are genetically modified to produce human insulin by inserting the human insulin gene.
Correct answer is: Escherichia coli
Q.6 The process of introducing foreign DNA into a host cell is called:
Transcription
Transformation
Translation
Replication
Explanation - Transformation is the uptake of foreign DNA by a host cell, a key step in genetic engineering.
Correct answer is: Transformation
Q.7 Which of the following is NOT an application of biotechnology?
Production of vaccines
Cloning of animals
Traditional crop breeding
Bioremediation
Explanation - Traditional crop breeding is conventional, not considered modern biotechnology.
Correct answer is: Traditional crop breeding
Q.8 Which term describes identical copies of an organism produced asexually?
Hybrid
Clone
Transgenic
Mutant
Explanation - Cloning produces genetically identical copies of an organism using asexual reproduction techniques.
Correct answer is: Clone
Q.9 Which of the following is a transgenic animal?
Golden rice
GloFish
Bt cotton
Tomato
Explanation - GloFish are genetically modified fish expressing fluorescent proteins, making them transgenic animals.
Correct answer is: GloFish
Q.10 Which of the following is a microbial source of enzymes used in biotechnology?
Yeast
Bacteria
Fungi
All of the above
Explanation - Microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, and fungi are commonly used to produce enzymes for industrial and medical purposes.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.11 Golden rice is genetically engineered to produce:
Vitamin D
Beta-carotene (Vitamin A precursor)
Vitamin C
Iron
Explanation - Golden rice is engineered to produce beta-carotene in the rice endosperm to combat vitamin A deficiency.
Correct answer is: Beta-carotene (Vitamin A precursor)
Q.12 Which technique is used to separate DNA fragments based on size?
Electrophoresis
Centrifugation
Chromatography
Spectrophotometry
Explanation - Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments according to size using an electric field.
Correct answer is: Electrophoresis
Q.13 Which of the following is an example of bioremediation?
Using microbes to clean oil spills
Fermentation of milk into yogurt
Cloning animals
Producing insulin using E. coli
Explanation - Bioremediation uses microorganisms to degrade environmental pollutants, such as oil spills.
Correct answer is: Using microbes to clean oil spills
Q.14 Which of the following is a limitation of genetic engineering?
Unintended gene transfer
High cost of research
Ethical concerns
All of the above
Explanation - Genetic engineering faces limitations including unintended gene transfer, high costs, and ethical issues.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.15 Which technique allows the production of millions of copies of a DNA segment in vitro?
Gene cloning
PCR
DNA fingerprinting
Microarray
Explanation - PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) rapidly amplifies DNA sequences in vitro, creating millions of copies from a small DNA sample.
Correct answer is: PCR
Q.16 Which of the following is used as a host in recombinant DNA technology?
E. coli
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Both A and B
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Explanation - Both E. coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are commonly used hosts in recombinant DNA technology.
Correct answer is: Both A and B
Q.17 Which type of biotechnology involves the use of living organisms or their products for industrial purposes?
Red biotechnology
White biotechnology
Green biotechnology
Blue biotechnology
Explanation - White biotechnology refers to industrial applications of biotechnology using organisms or enzymes for production of chemicals, fuels, and other products.
Correct answer is: White biotechnology
Q.18 DNA fingerprinting is primarily used in:
Crime detection and paternity testing
Vaccine production
Fermentation industry
Crop improvement
Explanation - DNA fingerprinting identifies individuals based on unique DNA patterns, useful in forensic and legal applications.
Correct answer is: Crime detection and paternity testing
Q.19 Which of the following is a plant used in genetic modification to resist pests?
Bt cotton
Soybean
Tomato
Potato
Explanation - Bt cotton is genetically engineered to express Bacillus thuringiensis toxin, which protects against certain insect pests.
Correct answer is: Bt cotton
Q.20 Which of the following biotechnological techniques is used for producing identical copies of an organism?
Gene cloning
Therapeutic cloning
Reproductive cloning
PCR
Explanation - Reproductive cloning creates genetically identical organisms by transferring the nucleus of a donor cell into an enucleated egg cell.
Correct answer is: Reproductive cloning
Q.21 Which of the following is an ethical concern associated with biotechnology?
Gene therapy misuse
Cloning humans
Genetic modification of crops
All of the above
Explanation - Biotechnology raises ethical concerns including potential misuse of gene therapy, human cloning, and GM crop safety.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.22 Which biotechnology is primarily used in medicine for therapeutic purposes?
Red biotechnology
Green biotechnology
White biotechnology
Blue biotechnology
Explanation - Red biotechnology focuses on medical and health applications, including drug production, gene therapy, and diagnostics.
Correct answer is: Red biotechnology
Q.23 Which of the following techniques can be used to detect genetic disorders?
Gene therapy
DNA microarray
Recombinant DNA technology
Bioremediation
Explanation - DNA microarrays detect gene expression and genetic mutations, aiding in the diagnosis of genetic disorders.
Correct answer is: DNA microarray
Q.24 Which of the following is an example of microbial biotechnology?
Production of antibiotics
Cloning of animals
Genetically engineered crops
Stem cell therapy
Explanation - Microbial biotechnology involves using microbes to produce useful products such as antibiotics, enzymes, and biofuels.
Correct answer is: Production of antibiotics
Q.25 Which of the following is a step in gene cloning?
Isolation of the gene of interest
Insertion of gene into a vector
Introduction of recombinant vector into a host
All of the above
Explanation - Gene cloning involves isolating the target gene, inserting it into a vector, and transferring it into a host organism for expression.
Correct answer is: All of the above