Q.1 Which of the following gases is primarily responsible for the greenhouse effect?
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Nitrogen
Helium
Explanation - Carbon dioxide traps heat in the atmosphere, leading to the greenhouse effect, which contributes to global warming.
Correct answer is: Carbon Dioxide
Q.2 Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Explanation - The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere and absorbs most of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation.
Correct answer is: Stratosphere
Q.3 Biodiversity hotspots are regions that are rich in:
Minerals
Flora and Fauna
Oil Reserves
Water Bodies
Explanation - Biodiversity hotspots are regions with a high number of endemic species and significant biodiversity under threat.
Correct answer is: Flora and Fauna
Q.4 Which of the following is NOT a renewable source of energy?
Wind
Solar
Coal
Hydropower
Explanation - Coal is a fossil fuel and non-renewable, whereas wind, solar, and hydropower are renewable energy sources.
Correct answer is: Coal
Q.5 Eutrophication is caused by:
Excessive nutrients in water
Deforestation
Air Pollution
Soil Erosion
Explanation - Eutrophication occurs when water bodies receive excess nutrients, leading to overgrowth of algae and depletion of oxygen.
Correct answer is: Excessive nutrients in water
Q.6 Which international agreement aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions worldwide?
Kyoto Protocol
Montreal Protocol
Paris Agreement
Geneva Convention
Explanation - The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty that commits its parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Correct answer is: Kyoto Protocol
Q.7 Acid rain is primarily caused by:
Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Oxygen
Explanation - Acid rain occurs when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides mix with water in the atmosphere, forming acidic precipitation.
Correct answer is: Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
Q.8 Which is the largest rainforest in the world?
Congo Rainforest
Amazon Rainforest
Daintree Rainforest
Sundarbans
Explanation - The Amazon rainforest in South America is the largest tropical rainforest in the world, rich in biodiversity.
Correct answer is: Amazon Rainforest
Q.9 Which process converts atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by plants?
Photosynthesis
Nitrogen Fixation
Respiration
Combustion
Explanation - Nitrogen fixation, carried out by certain bacteria, converts nitrogen gas into ammonia or related compounds usable by plants.
Correct answer is: Nitrogen Fixation
Q.10 Which of the following is a major cause of deforestation?
Industrialization
Agricultural Expansion
Urbanization
All of the above
Explanation - Deforestation is driven by multiple factors including industrialization, agriculture, and urban development.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.11 Which pollutant is mainly responsible for smog formation in cities?
Ozone
Nitrogen oxides
Carbon monoxide
Particulate matter
Explanation - Nitrogen oxides react with sunlight and other chemicals to form photochemical smog in urban areas.
Correct answer is: Nitrogen oxides
Q.12 Coral reefs are primarily threatened by:
Ocean Acidification
Climate Change
Pollution
All of the above
Explanation - Coral reefs face threats from ocean acidification, rising sea temperatures, and pollution, leading to coral bleaching.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.13 Which of the following is considered a biodegradable pollutant?
Plastic Bags
Paper
Glass Bottles
Metal Cans
Explanation - Biodegradable pollutants can be decomposed by natural processes; paper decomposes faster compared to plastics, glass, and metals.
Correct answer is: Paper
Q.14 Which gas is primarily responsible for ozone depletion?
CO2
CH4
CFCs
SO2
Explanation - Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) release chlorine atoms in the stratosphere, which destroy ozone molecules.
Correct answer is: CFCs
Q.15 What is the main objective of the Ramsar Convention?
Protect endangered species
Conserve wetlands
Prevent air pollution
Control desertification
Explanation - The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty aimed at the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands.
Correct answer is: Conserve wetlands
Q.16 Which soil layer is most affected by deforestation?
Topsoil
Subsoil
Bedrock
Parent Rock
Explanation - Deforestation leads to the removal of vegetation, exposing topsoil to erosion and nutrient loss.
Correct answer is: Topsoil
Q.17 Which type of ecosystem is characterized by very low temperatures and permafrost?
Desert
Tundra
Rainforest
Grassland
Explanation - Tundra ecosystems have extremely cold climates with permafrost and limited vegetation.
Correct answer is: Tundra
Q.18 Which is the most significant human activity causing global warming?
Burning fossil fuels
Fishing
Crop Rotation
Tree Planting
Explanation - Burning fossil fuels releases large amounts of greenhouse gases like CO2, leading to global warming.
Correct answer is: Burning fossil fuels
Q.19 Which of the following is a consequence of excessive groundwater extraction?
Soil Erosion
Waterlogging
Land Subsidence
Deforestation
Explanation - Excessive pumping of groundwater can lead to land sinking, known as land subsidence.
Correct answer is: Land Subsidence
Q.20 Which of these species is an indicator of water pollution?
Frogs
Eagles
Elephants
Cows
Explanation - Frogs are sensitive to pollutants in water and their declining population indicates ecosystem imbalance.
Correct answer is: Frogs
Q.21 Which is the primary cause of desertification?
Overgrazing
Industrialization
Urbanization
Tourism
Explanation - Desertification occurs when land loses its fertility mainly due to overgrazing, deforestation, and poor land management.
Correct answer is: Overgrazing
Q.22 Mangrove forests are important because they:
Prevent coastal erosion
Provide habitat for fish
Act as carbon sinks
All of the above
Explanation - Mangroves protect coastlines, support aquatic biodiversity, and absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.23 Which of the following is a major source of marine pollution?
Oil spills
Plastic waste
Sewage discharge
All of the above
Explanation - Marine pollution arises from oil spills, plastic debris, and untreated sewage entering oceans and affecting marine life.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.24 The 'Tragedy of the Commons' concept is related to:
Overuse of shared resources
Climate Change
Endangered species
Deforestation
Explanation - The Tragedy of the Commons describes how individuals exploiting shared resources can lead to depletion or degradation of those resources.
Correct answer is: Overuse of shared resources
Q.25 Which practice helps in reducing soil erosion?
Deforestation
Contour Plowing
Overgrazing
Mining
Explanation - Contour plowing, done along the natural contours of land, reduces water runoff and prevents soil erosion.
Correct answer is: Contour Plowing