Q.1 Which of the following is the primary gas responsible for global warming?
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Hydrogen
Explanation - Carbon dioxide traps heat in the atmosphere, leading to global warming.
Correct answer is: Carbon Dioxide
Q.2 CRISPR-Cas9 is a technology used for:
Gene editing
Nuclear fusion
Quantum computing
Renewable energy
Explanation - CRISPR-Cas9 allows scientists to modify DNA sequences and gene function.
Correct answer is: Gene editing
Q.3 Which Indian organization launched the Chandrayaan-3 mission?
ISRO
DRDO
CSIR
BIS
Explanation - The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched Chandrayaan-3 to explore the Moon.
Correct answer is: ISRO
Q.4 Which of the following is considered a renewable source of energy?
Coal
Natural Gas
Solar Energy
Petroleum
Explanation - Solar energy is renewable because it is abundant and naturally replenished.
Correct answer is: Solar Energy
Q.5 mRNA vaccines, like some COVID-19 vaccines, work by:
Destroying the virus directly
Introducing dead virus particles
Teaching cells to make a viral protein
Blocking virus entry into cells
Explanation - mRNA vaccines instruct cells to produce a harmless protein, triggering an immune response.
Correct answer is: Teaching cells to make a viral protein
Q.6 Which planet has the fastest rotation in the solar system?
Earth
Jupiter
Mars
Venus
Explanation - Jupiter completes one rotation in about 10 hours, the fastest among planets in the solar system.
Correct answer is: Jupiter
Q.7 Quantum computers rely on which fundamental principle?
Classical logic
Quantum superposition
Newtonian mechanics
Thermodynamics
Explanation - Quantum computers use superposition to perform multiple calculations simultaneously.
Correct answer is: Quantum superposition
Q.8 The human genome consists of approximately how many base pairs?
3 million
3 billion
300 million
30 billion
Explanation - The human genome has about 3 billion DNA base pairs that encode genetic information.
Correct answer is: 3 billion
Q.9 The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is an international project related to:
Climate research
Radio astronomy
Particle physics
Genetic engineering
Explanation - SKA is a massive radio telescope project to explore the universe in radio frequencies.
Correct answer is: Radio astronomy
Q.10 Which of the following is an example of a biosensor application?
Detecting blood glucose levels
Measuring wind speed
Monitoring traffic flow
Predicting earthquakes
Explanation - Biosensors can detect biological molecules, such as glucose in blood.
Correct answer is: Detecting blood glucose levels
Q.11 Artificial photosynthesis aims to:
Produce oxygen from water
Generate electricity from sunlight
Mimic natural photosynthesis to produce fuels
Store solar energy in batteries
Explanation - Artificial photosynthesis converts sunlight, water, and CO2 into chemical fuels.
Correct answer is: Mimic natural photosynthesis to produce fuels
Q.12 Which of the following is a recent development in battery technology?
Lithium-ion
Lead-acid
Sodium-ion
Zinc-carbon
Explanation - Sodium-ion batteries are emerging as a cost-effective alternative to lithium-ion batteries.
Correct answer is: Sodium-ion
Q.13 In 2023, which breakthrough technique was used to visualize proteins in atomic detail?
X-ray crystallography
Cryo-electron microscopy
MRI
Spectrophotometry
Explanation - Cryo-EM allows researchers to see biomolecules at near-atomic resolution without crystallization.
Correct answer is: Cryo-electron microscopy
Q.14 Which Indian scientist is known for pioneering work in space propulsion systems?
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
C. V. Raman
Homi Bhabha
Vikram Sarabhai
Explanation - A. P. J. Abdul Kalam contributed to India's missile and space propulsion technology.
Correct answer is: A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
Q.15 Which disease is targeted by the mRNA-based malaria vaccine under research?
Plasmodium falciparum infection
Dengue
Tuberculosis
HIV
Explanation - Researchers are developing mRNA vaccines to provide immunity against the malaria-causing parasite.
Correct answer is: Plasmodium falciparum infection
Q.16 Which of the following is used to measure seismic activity?
Barometer
Seismometer
Anemometer
Hydrometer
Explanation - Seismometers detect and measure vibrations caused by earthquakes or other seismic events.
Correct answer is: Seismometer
Q.17 Graphene is a material composed of:
Silicon atoms
Carbon atoms in a single layer
Aluminum sheets
Copper layers
Explanation - Graphene is a one-atom-thick sheet of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice.
Correct answer is: Carbon atoms in a single layer
Q.18 Which of the following is a method of carbon capture and storage (CCS)?
Ocean fertilization
Planting trees
Injecting CO2 underground
Building wind turbines
Explanation - CCS involves capturing carbon dioxide and storing it in geological formations.
Correct answer is: Injecting CO2 underground
Q.19 Which satellite is used for monitoring climate change from space?
GPS
Landsat
Sentinel
INSAT
Explanation - The Sentinel satellites (part of Copernicus program) monitor environmental and climate changes.
Correct answer is: Sentinel
Q.20 Which branch of science deals with the study of matter at atomic and subatomic levels?
Classical mechanics
Quantum physics
Thermodynamics
Electrodynamics
Explanation - Quantum physics studies particles at atomic and subatomic scales, describing phenomena not explained by classical physics.
Correct answer is: Quantum physics
Q.21 Which of the following is a biodegradable plastic being researched as an alternative to conventional plastics?
Polyethylene
Polylactic acid (PLA)
Polyvinyl chloride
Polystyrene
Explanation - PLA is made from renewable resources and decomposes naturally, unlike traditional plastics.
Correct answer is: Polylactic acid (PLA)
Q.22 Which device uses light to store and process information at very high speeds?
Photonic computer
Quantum computer
Analog computer
Mechanical computer
Explanation - Photonic computers use photons instead of electrons, offering faster processing and data transfer.
Correct answer is: Photonic computer
Q.23 Which of these is a method for desalination of seawater?
Reverse osmosis
Evapotranspiration
Electrolysis
Condensation only
Explanation - Reverse osmosis uses a semipermeable membrane to remove salts from seawater.
Correct answer is: Reverse osmosis
Q.24 Which recent technological development is aimed at reducing atmospheric CO2 using engineered microbes?
Algae biofuel
Gene-edited bacteria
Lithium batteries
Nanotubes
Explanation - Researchers are engineering microbes to absorb CO2 efficiently, providing a biological carbon capture solution.
Correct answer is: Gene-edited bacteria