Q.1 Which vitamin is primarily responsible for calcium absorption in the human body?
Vitamin A
Vitamin B12
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Explanation - Vitamin D facilitates calcium absorption in the gut, maintaining adequate serum calcium and phosphate levels for bone formation.
Correct answer is: Vitamin D
Q.2 What is the normal resting heart rate range for a healthy adult?
40-60 bpm
60-100 bpm
100-120 bpm
120-140 bpm
Explanation - A normal resting heart rate for adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.
Correct answer is: 60-100 bpm
Q.3 Which organ in the human body produces insulin?
Liver
Pancreas
Kidney
Thyroid
Explanation - Insulin is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas, regulating blood glucose levels.
Correct answer is: Pancreas
Q.4 Which of the following is a viral disease?
Tuberculosis
Malaria
HIV/AIDS
Leprosy
Explanation - HIV/AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which attacks the immune system.
Correct answer is: HIV/AIDS
Q.5 Hemoglobin is primarily responsible for which function in the body?
Transport of oxygen
Digesting proteins
Blood clotting
Hormone regulation
Explanation - Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to tissues throughout the body.
Correct answer is: Transport of oxygen
Q.6 Which type of blood cells are primarily responsible for immunity?
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma cells
Explanation - White blood cells (leukocytes) are key components of the immune system, defending against infections.
Correct answer is: White blood cells
Q.7 Which vitamin deficiency leads to scurvy?
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin B12
Explanation - Vitamin C deficiency results in scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums, weakness, and joint pain.
Correct answer is: Vitamin C
Q.8 What is the primary function of platelets in the human body?
Oxygen transport
Blood clotting
Hormone production
Immune defense
Explanation - Platelets (thrombocytes) help in blood clot formation, preventing excessive bleeding from injuries.
Correct answer is: Blood clotting
Q.9 Which of the following diseases is caused by a bacterium?
Measles
Tuberculosis
Influenza
Chickenpox
Explanation - Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, affecting the lungs primarily.
Correct answer is: Tuberculosis
Q.10 Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
Hypothalamus
Explanation - The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and posture.
Correct answer is: Cerebellum
Q.11 Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels by lowering glucose in the blood?
Glucagon
Insulin
Adrenaline
Cortisol
Explanation - Insulin lowers blood glucose by facilitating its uptake into cells, thus maintaining homeostasis.
Correct answer is: Insulin
Q.12 Which organ is primarily affected by hepatitis?
Heart
Liver
Kidney
Lungs
Explanation - Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver, often caused by viral infections, alcohol, or toxins.
Correct answer is: Liver
Q.13 Which disease is characterized by high blood sugar due to insulin deficiency?
Diabetes mellitus
Hypertension
Anemia
Hypothyroidism
Explanation - Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder where the body cannot properly produce or use insulin, causing high blood sugar.
Correct answer is: Diabetes mellitus
Q.14 Which is the largest organ in the human body?
Liver
Skin
Lungs
Heart
Explanation - The skin is the body's largest organ, serving as a protective barrier and regulating temperature.
Correct answer is: Skin
Q.15 Which vitamin is fat-soluble and essential for blood clotting?
Vitamin K
Vitamin B6
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Explanation - Vitamin K is fat-soluble and plays a crucial role in the synthesis of clotting factors in the liver.
Correct answer is: Vitamin K
Q.16 Which condition is caused by the deficiency of iodine in the diet?
Rickets
Goiter
Scurvy
Pernicious anemia
Explanation - Iodine deficiency leads to an enlarged thyroid gland, known as goiter.
Correct answer is: Goiter
Q.17 Which of the following is a neurodegenerative disorder?
Parkinson's disease
Asthma
Diabetes
Tuberculosis
Explanation - Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting movement and coordination due to loss of dopamine-producing neurons.
Correct answer is: Parkinson's disease
Q.18 Which part of the eye is responsible for controlling the amount of light entering?
Cornea
Lens
Iris
Retina
Explanation - The iris controls pupil size, thereby regulating the amount of light that enters the eye.
Correct answer is: Iris
Q.19 Which type of immunity is acquired by vaccination?
Passive immunity
Innate immunity
Active immunity
Autoimmunity
Explanation - Vaccination stimulates the body to produce antibodies, providing long-term protection as part of active immunity.
Correct answer is: Active immunity
Q.20 Which organ filters waste products from the blood to form urine?
Liver
Kidney
Lungs
Pancreas
Explanation - The kidneys filter metabolic waste, excess salts, and water from the blood, producing urine.
Correct answer is: Kidney
Q.21 Which disease is caused by the Plasmodium parasite?
Malaria
Dengue
Cholera
Typhoid
Explanation - Malaria is a vector-borne disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite, transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes.
Correct answer is: Malaria
Q.22 Which of the following is a chronic respiratory disease?
Asthma
Typhoid
Hepatitis
Diabetes
Explanation - Asthma is a long-term inflammatory disease of the airways that causes difficulty in breathing.
Correct answer is: Asthma
Q.23 Which blood component carries carbon dioxide from tissues back to the lungs?
Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Explanation - Red blood cells carry carbon dioxide bound to hemoglobin from tissues to the lungs for exhalation.
Correct answer is: Red blood cells
Q.24 Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons?
Axon
Dendrites
Myelin sheath
Nucleus
Explanation - Dendrites are branching structures of a neuron that receive messages from other neurons and transmit them toward the cell body.
Correct answer is: Dendrites
Q.25 Which vitamin deficiency causes rickets in children?
Vitamin D
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C
Vitamin K
Explanation - Vitamin D deficiency impairs calcium absorption, leading to soft and weak bones in children, a condition called rickets.
Correct answer is: Vitamin D