Q.1 Which of the following is the basic structural and functional unit of life?
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Nucleus
Explanation - The cell is the smallest unit of life capable of performing all life processes.
Correct answer is: Cell
Q.2 DNA stands for:
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
Dioxyribonucleic Acid
Double Nucleic Acid
Explanation - DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid and carries genetic information in organisms.
Correct answer is: Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Q.3 Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell membrane?
Phospholipids
Proteins
Cholesterol
Starch
Explanation - The cell membrane is made of phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol, but not starch.
Correct answer is: Starch
Q.4 Who is known as the 'Father of Genetics'?
Charles Darwin
Gregor Mendel
Louis Pasteur
Robert Hooke
Explanation - Gregor Mendel is known as the Father of Genetics due to his work on pea plant inheritance patterns.
Correct answer is: Gregor Mendel
Q.5 Which blood group is known as the universal donor?
A
B
O negative
AB positive
Explanation - O negative blood can be transfused to patients of any blood type, making it the universal donor.
Correct answer is: O negative
Q.6 Which vitamin is produced when human skin is exposed to sunlight?
Vitamin A
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Explanation - Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight, particularly UV-B rays.
Correct answer is: Vitamin D
Q.7 Which of these is a prokaryotic organism?
Amoeba
Bacteria
Fungi
Algae
Explanation - Bacteria lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, classifying them as prokaryotes.
Correct answer is: Bacteria
Q.8 The powerhouse of the cell is:
Nucleus
Ribosome
Mitochondria
Golgi Apparatus
Explanation - Mitochondria produce ATP through cellular respiration and are known as the powerhouse of the cell.
Correct answer is: Mitochondria
Q.9 The human heart has how many chambers?
2
3
4
5
Explanation - The human heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.
Correct answer is: 4
Q.10 Which organ is primarily responsible for detoxification in the human body?
Kidney
Liver
Lungs
Heart
Explanation - The liver detoxifies chemicals, metabolizes drugs, and filters blood coming from the digestive tract.
Correct answer is: Liver
Q.11 Which of these is a water-soluble vitamin?
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Vitamin C
Explanation - Vitamin C is water-soluble and cannot be stored in the body, requiring regular intake through diet.
Correct answer is: Vitamin C
Q.12 The genetic makeup of an organism is called:
Phenotype
Genotype
Chromosome
Allele
Explanation - Genotype refers to the genetic constitution of an organism, while phenotype is the expressed traits.
Correct answer is: Genotype
Q.13 Which type of blood cell is responsible for clotting?
RBC
WBC
Platelets
Plasma
Explanation - Platelets, or thrombocytes, play a key role in blood clotting.
Correct answer is: Platelets
Q.14 Which process produces gametes in humans?
Mitosis
Binary fission
Meiosis
Budding
Explanation - Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, forming gametes.
Correct answer is: Meiosis
Q.15 Which of these is a fat-digesting enzyme?
Amylase
Lipase
Pepsin
Trypsin
Explanation - Lipase breaks down fats into glycerol and fatty acids.
Correct answer is: Lipase
Q.16 What is the normal pH range of human blood?
6.5-6.8
7.35-7.45
7.8-8.0
8.5-9.0
Explanation - Human blood is slightly alkaline, with a normal pH range between 7.35 and 7.45.
Correct answer is: 7.35-7.45
Q.17 Which of these is an example of a vestigial organ in humans?
Heart
Appendix
Liver
Pancreas
Explanation - The appendix is considered vestigial as it has lost its original function over evolution.
Correct answer is: Appendix
Q.18 The process of photosynthesis takes place in which organelle?
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus
Explanation - Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis in plants.
Correct answer is: Chloroplast
Q.19 The first vaccine developed was for which disease?
Smallpox
Polio
Rabies
Tetanus
Explanation - Edward Jenner developed the first vaccine in 1796 for smallpox using cowpox material.
Correct answer is: Smallpox
Q.20 Which kingdom includes multicellular, eukaryotic, and heterotrophic organisms?
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia
Protista
Explanation - The Animalia kingdom includes multicellular organisms that are eukaryotic and heterotrophic.
Correct answer is: Animalia
Q.21 Hemoglobin is a protein found in:
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
Explanation - Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds oxygen for transport throughout the body.
Correct answer is: Red blood cells
Q.22 Which of these organisms reproduces by binary fission?
Yeast
Amoeba
Frog
Human
Explanation - Amoeba reproduces asexually by binary fission, where the cell splits into two identical cells.
Correct answer is: Amoeba
Q.23 Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Medulla
Hypothalamus
Explanation - The cerebellum is responsible for motor control, balance, and coordination.
Correct answer is: Cerebellum
Q.24 Which organ produces insulin?
Liver
Pancreas
Stomach
Gallbladder
Explanation - The pancreas produces insulin, which regulates blood glucose levels.
Correct answer is: Pancreas
Q.25 What is the scientific term for the study of fungi?
Virology
Mycology
Bacteriology
Pathology
Explanation - Mycology is the branch of biology that studies fungi, including mushrooms and molds.
Correct answer is: Mycology