Q.1 The Treaty of Westphalia (1648) is historically significant for:
Ending the First World War
Establishing the principle of state sovereignty
Creating the League of Nations
Forming the United Nations
Explanation - The Treaty of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War and is considered the beginning of the modern system of sovereign states.
Correct answer is: Establishing the principle of state sovereignty
Q.2 Which treaty ended the First World War?
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Tordesillas
Treaty of Paris (1783)
Treaty of Utrecht
Explanation - The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, formally ended World War I and imposed heavy reparations on Germany.
Correct answer is: Treaty of Versailles
Q.3 The Kyoto Protocol is primarily associated with:
Nuclear disarmament
Environmental protection and climate change
Trade liberalization
Maritime law
Explanation - Adopted in 1997, the Kyoto Protocol set binding emission reduction targets for industrialized countries to combat global warming.
Correct answer is: Environmental protection and climate change
Q.4 Which agreement established the World Trade Organization (WTO)?
GATT
NAFTA
Kyoto Protocol
Paris Agreement
Explanation - The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) laid the foundation for the WTO, which was formally established in 1995 to regulate international trade.
Correct answer is: GATT
Q.5 The Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) aims to:
Ban chemical weapons
Prevent the spread of nuclear weapons
Regulate international migration
Ensure free trade
Explanation - The NPT, opened for signature in 1968, aims to prevent nuclear proliferation and promote peaceful uses of nuclear energy.
Correct answer is: Prevent the spread of nuclear weapons
Q.6 The Montreal Protocol (1987) addresses:
Ozone layer depletion
Deforestation
Climate refugees
Marine pollution
Explanation - The Montreal Protocol aims to phase out substances that deplete the ozone layer, such as CFCs.
Correct answer is: Ozone layer depletion
Q.7 Which treaty ended the Napoleonic Wars in 1815?
Treaty of Paris
Congress of Vienna
Treaty of Ghent
Treaty of Versailles
Explanation - The Congress of Vienna (1814-15) redrew the map of Europe and established a framework for peace after Napoleon's defeat.
Correct answer is: Congress of Vienna
Q.8 Which agreement regulates the use of outer space?
Outer Space Treaty
Geneva Conventions
Antarctic Treaty
Kyoto Protocol
Explanation - The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 establishes principles for the peaceful exploration of space and prohibits the placement of weapons of mass destruction in orbit.
Correct answer is: Outer Space Treaty
Q.9 The Paris Agreement (2015) is part of which global framework?
UNFCCC
GATT
WHO Framework
NPT
Explanation - The Paris Agreement is under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and aims to limit global warming.
Correct answer is: UNFCCC
Q.10 The Geneva Conventions are primarily concerned with:
International trade
Humanitarian treatment in war
Environmental protection
Nuclear disarmament
Explanation - The Geneva Conventions set standards for humanitarian treatment of war victims, including soldiers and civilians.
Correct answer is: Humanitarian treatment in war
Q.11 Which treaty established the International Criminal Court (ICC)?
Rome Statute
Geneva Convention
Treaty of Versailles
Kyoto Protocol
Explanation - The Rome Statute (1998) established the ICC to prosecute individuals for genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.
Correct answer is: Rome Statute
Q.12 The Antarctic Treaty (1959) primarily seeks to:
Promote tourism
Ensure peaceful scientific cooperation and ban military activity
Control fishing rights
Regulate mineral extraction
Explanation - The Antarctic Treaty preserves Antarctica for peaceful research and prohibits military use of the continent.
Correct answer is: Ensure peaceful scientific cooperation and ban military activity
Q.13 Which protocol supplements the Kyoto Protocol with updated climate targets?
Doha Amendment
Paris Agreement
Montreal Protocol
Copenhagen Accord
Explanation - The Doha Amendment (2012) sets new greenhouse gas reduction targets for developed countries under the Kyoto Protocol framework.
Correct answer is: Doha Amendment
Q.14 The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) divided the world between:
Spain and Portugal
France and England
Netherlands and Spain
England and Portugal
Explanation - The treaty divided newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands.
Correct answer is: Spain and Portugal
Q.15 The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) aims to:
Ban all nuclear explosions
Limit trade of nuclear fuel
Encourage nuclear energy
Regulate nuclear waste
Explanation - The CTBT prohibits all nuclear test explosions, though it has not yet entered into force due to pending ratifications.
Correct answer is: Ban all nuclear explosions
Q.16 Which agreement is associated with the creation of the European Union?
Maastricht Treaty
Treaty of Paris
Treaty of Lisbon
Treaty of Amsterdam
Explanation - Signed in 1992, the Maastricht Treaty formally established the European Union and introduced the euro as a common currency.
Correct answer is: Maastricht Treaty
Q.17 Which treaty ended the Crimean War (1853-1856)?
Treaty of Paris (1856)
Treaty of Vienna
Treaty of London
Treaty of Berlin
Explanation - The Treaty of Paris (1856) ended the Crimean War between Russia and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, Britain, France, and Sardinia.
Correct answer is: Treaty of Paris (1856)
Q.18 The Treaty on the Non-Use of Nuclear Weapons (NUCLEAR-TEST BAN) was signed in:
1963
1945
1972
1987
Explanation - The Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1963 prohibited nuclear tests in the atmosphere, outer space, and underwater.
Correct answer is: 1963
Q.19 Which agreement ended the American Revolutionary War?
Treaty of Paris (1783)
Treaty of Ghent
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Utrecht
Explanation - The Treaty of Paris (1783) recognized the independence of the United States and ended the Revolutionary War with Britain.
Correct answer is: Treaty of Paris (1783)
Q.20 The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) seeks to:
Eliminate chemical weapons globally
Promote chemical trade
Regulate pharmaceutical patents
Ban nuclear weapons
Explanation - The CWC, effective from 1997, prohibits the development, production, and use of chemical weapons and mandates their destruction.
Correct answer is: Eliminate chemical weapons globally
Q.21 The Treaty of Lisbon (2007) primarily:
Reformed EU governance structures
Created NATO
Established the IMF
Ended the Cold War
Explanation - The Lisbon Treaty amended previous EU treaties to streamline decision-making and strengthen EU institutions.
Correct answer is: Reformed EU governance structures
Q.22 Which protocol supplements the Geneva Conventions to protect victims of non-international conflicts?
Additional Protocol II
Montreal Protocol
Kyoto Protocol
Doha Amendment
Explanation - Additional Protocol II (1977) extends humanitarian protections to victims of civil wars and other internal armed conflicts.
Correct answer is: Additional Protocol II
Q.23 The Treaty of Ghent (1814) ended the war between:
United States and Britain
France and Germany
Russia and Ottoman Empire
Spain and Portugal
Explanation - The Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812 between the United States and Britain and restored pre-war boundaries.
Correct answer is: United States and Britain
Q.24 The Montreux Convention (1936) regulates:
The Turkish Straits and naval passage
Global air traffic
International railways
Fishing rights in the Mediterranean
Explanation - The Montreux Convention governs the passage of naval warships through the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits in Turkey.
Correct answer is: The Turkish Straits and naval passage