Q.1 Which of the following documents is considered the cornerstone of modern human rights?
Geneva Conventions
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Convention on the Rights of the Child
Explanation - Adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) lays down fundamental human rights universally protected.
Correct answer is: Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Q.2 Which UN body is primarily responsible for promoting and protecting human rights worldwide?
UNICEF
UN Human Rights Council
UNESCO
International Court of Justice
Explanation - The UN Human Rights Council, established in 2006, is responsible for strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights globally.
Correct answer is: UN Human Rights Council
Q.3 The principle of 'Responsibility to Protect' (R2P) was adopted by which international organization?
European Union
United Nations
African Union
World Bank
Explanation - R2P, endorsed by the UN in 2005, obligates states to protect populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity.
Correct answer is: United Nations
Q.4 Which of the following is NOT a recognized category of human rights?
Civil and political rights
Economic, social and cultural rights
Environmental rights
Criminal rights
Explanation - Human rights are categorized into civil, political, economic, social, cultural, and increasingly environmental rights. 'Criminal rights' is not a recognized category.
Correct answer is: Criminal rights
Q.5 Which international treaty specifically focuses on the elimination of all forms of racial discrimination?
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
Geneva Conventions
Explanation - Adopted in 1965 by the UN, this convention commits state parties to eliminate racial discrimination and promote equality.
Correct answer is: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
Q.6 Which of the following organizations is primarily responsible for coordinating international humanitarian aid?
World Health Organization
International Committee of the Red Cross
World Bank
International Labour Organization
Explanation - The ICRC provides humanitarian aid and protects victims of armed conflict and violence worldwide.
Correct answer is: International Committee of the Red Cross
Q.7 The term 'humanitarian intervention' refers to:
Military action to promote trade
Military action to protect human rights
Diplomatic negotiations to end trade disputes
Peaceful protests against human rights violations
Explanation - Humanitarian intervention involves the use of military force by a state or group of states to prevent or stop widespread human rights violations in another state.
Correct answer is: Military action to protect human rights
Q.8 The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) was adopted in which year?
1948
1966
1989
2000
Explanation - The CRC, adopted in 1989, sets out the civil, political, economic, social, health, and cultural rights of children.
Correct answer is: 1989
Q.9 Which principle ensures that human rights are applied equally without discrimination?
Sovereignty
Non-refoulement
Equality and non-discrimination
Self-determination
Explanation - Equality and non-discrimination is a fundamental principle of human rights, ensuring that all individuals enjoy rights equally regardless of race, gender, religion, or other status.
Correct answer is: Equality and non-discrimination
Q.10 Which treaty protects the rights of persons with disabilities internationally?
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Geneva Conventions
Convention on the Rights of the Child
Explanation - Adopted in 2006, this treaty aims to protect and ensure full participation of persons with disabilities in society.
Correct answer is: Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Q.11 Which of the following is a key principle of the Geneva Conventions?
Freedom of trade during war
Protection of civilians during armed conflict
Right to cultural expression
Environmental conservation
Explanation - The Geneva Conventions (1949) set rules for humanitarian treatment in war, emphasizing protection of civilians, prisoners, and wounded soldiers.
Correct answer is: Protection of civilians during armed conflict
Q.12 The term 'refugee' is legally defined under which international instrument?
UDHR
1951 Refugee Convention
CRC
R2P Doctrine
Explanation - The 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees defines a refugee and establishes the legal framework for their protection.
Correct answer is: 1951 Refugee Convention
Q.13 Which UN office specifically focuses on the protection of refugees?
UNHCR
UNICEF
UNDP
UNESCO
Explanation - The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is mandated to protect and support refugees worldwide.
Correct answer is: UNHCR
Q.14 Which of the following is a primary focus of Amnesty International?
Promoting global trade
Human rights advocacy and campaigning
Providing microloans
Environmental protection
Explanation - Amnesty International works to prevent human rights abuses and promote justice and freedom worldwide.
Correct answer is: Human rights advocacy and campaigning
Q.15 Which UN treaty aims to eliminate discrimination against women?
CEDAW
CRC
ICCPR
ICESCR
Explanation - The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979) obliges states to eliminate discrimination and promote gender equality.
Correct answer is: CEDAW
Q.16 The principle of 'non-refoulement' protects refugees from:
Being returned to a country where they face persecution
Being employed illegally
Access to public education
Conscription into armed forces
Explanation - Non-refoulement, a key principle in refugee law, prohibits forcibly returning refugees to places where their life or freedom is threatened.
Correct answer is: Being returned to a country where they face persecution
Q.17 The International Criminal Court (ICC) prosecutes individuals for:
Trade violations
Environmental crimes
Genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity
Immigration violations
Explanation - The ICC, established in 2002, holds individuals accountable for serious international crimes including genocide and war crimes.
Correct answer is: Genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity
Q.18 Which of the following is an example of an economic and social right?
Right to freedom of speech
Right to education
Right to vote
Right to a fair trial
Explanation - Economic, social, and cultural rights include rights to education, health, work, and an adequate standard of living.
Correct answer is: Right to education
Q.19 The term 'stateless person' refers to an individual who:
Does not have a legal nationality recognized by any state
Lives in a refugee camp
Is imprisoned without trial
Lives abroad for more than 10 years
Explanation - A stateless person is someone not recognized as a citizen by any country, often facing challenges in accessing basic rights.
Correct answer is: Does not have a legal nationality recognized by any state
Q.20 Which organization oversees the enforcement of international humanitarian law during armed conflicts?
UNESCO
ICRC
WHO
UNDP
Explanation - The International Committee of the Red Cross monitors compliance with international humanitarian law and provides assistance to victims of armed conflicts.
Correct answer is: ICRC
Q.21 Which of the following is a key feature of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)?
Guarantees free healthcare
Protects freedom of speech, religion, and political participation
Provides financial aid to developing countries
Promotes trade equality
Explanation - The ICCPR, adopted in 1966, focuses on civil and political rights such as freedom of expression, assembly, and the right to a fair trial.
Correct answer is: Protects freedom of speech, religion, and political participation
Q.22 The UN Convention Against Torture (CAT) aims to:
Abolish slavery
Prevent torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
Protect the environment
Promote global trade
Explanation - CAT obliges states to take effective measures to prevent torture and penalize acts of torture within their jurisdiction.
Correct answer is: Prevent torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
Q.23 The term 'internally displaced persons' (IDPs) refers to:
Individuals forced to flee their country
Individuals forced to leave their homes but remain within their country
Refugees in camps abroad
Asylum seekers awaiting approval
Explanation - IDPs are people displaced by conflict, disaster, or human rights violations who have not crossed an international border.
Correct answer is: Individuals forced to leave their homes but remain within their country
Q.24 Which UN initiative seeks to end modern slavery, human trafficking, and forced labor?
Global Compact on Migration
Sustainable Development Goals
ILO Convention No. 29 and 105
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Explanation - The International Labour Organization’s conventions target forced labor and human trafficking, forming the legal framework to combat modern slavery.
Correct answer is: ILO Convention No. 29 and 105