Q.1 Which of the following agreements aims to limit global warming to below 2°C above pre-industrial levels?
Kyoto Protocol
Montreal Protocol
Paris Agreement
Stockholm Convention
Explanation - The Paris Agreement (2015) aims to strengthen the global response to climate change by limiting global temperature rise to well below 2°C, preferably 1.5°C, above pre-industrial levels.
Correct answer is: Paris Agreement
Q.2 The Montreal Protocol primarily addresses which environmental issue?
Deforestation
Ozone layer depletion
Global warming
Biodiversity loss
Explanation - The Montreal Protocol (1987) focuses on phasing out substances that deplete the ozone layer, such as CFCs.
Correct answer is: Ozone layer depletion
Q.3 Which international body monitors compliance with the Paris Agreement?
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
World Health Organization (WHO)
Global Environment Facility (GEF)
Explanation - The UNFCCC oversees the implementation of the Paris Agreement and monitors national commitments to climate change mitigation and adaptation.
Correct answer is: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Q.4 The Kyoto Protocol was the first international treaty to:
Ban all fossil fuels
Set binding greenhouse gas emission reduction targets
Protect marine biodiversity
Eliminate single-use plastics
Explanation - Adopted in 1997, the Kyoto Protocol set legally binding targets for developed countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Correct answer is: Set binding greenhouse gas emission reduction targets
Q.5 Which gas is NOT a primary target for reduction under the Kyoto Protocol?
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Methane (CH4)
Nitrous oxide (N2O)
Oxygen (O2)
Explanation - Kyoto Protocol targets greenhouse gases like CO2, CH4, and N2O. Oxygen is not a greenhouse gas and is not regulated under this protocol.
Correct answer is: Oxygen (O2)
Q.6 The Stockholm Convention primarily deals with:
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
Air pollution
Ozone depletion
Deforestation
Explanation - The Stockholm Convention (2001) aims to eliminate or restrict the production and use of POPs due to their harmful environmental and health effects.
Correct answer is: Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
Q.7 Which of the following is a key mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol allowing developed countries to meet emission targets?
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
Green Climate Fund
REDD+
Emission Trading System
Explanation - The CDM allows developed countries to invest in emission reduction projects in developing countries to earn carbon credits.
Correct answer is: Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
Q.8 REDD+ is an international initiative aimed at:
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation
Cleaning oceans
Reducing air pollution in urban areas
Phasing out ozone-depleting substances
Explanation - REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) incentivizes forest conservation and sustainable forest management.
Correct answer is: Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation
Q.9 Which of these international agreements addresses hazardous wastes?
Basel Convention
Kyoto Protocol
Montreal Protocol
Paris Agreement
Explanation - The Basel Convention (1989) controls the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and their disposal to protect human health and the environment.
Correct answer is: Basel Convention
Q.10 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established by:
UNEP and WMO
UNESCO
UNFCCC
WHO
Explanation - The IPCC was established in 1988 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) to assess climate change science.
Correct answer is: UNEP and WMO
Q.11 Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas covered by the Paris Agreement?
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Methane (CH4)
Nitrous oxide (N2O)
Argon (Ar)
Explanation - Argon is an inert gas and does not contribute to the greenhouse effect, so it is not included in emission reduction targets.
Correct answer is: Argon (Ar)
Q.12 The Global Environment Facility (GEF) provides funding for projects related to:
Climate change, biodiversity, and pollution
Military research
Space exploration
International trade
Explanation - The GEF finances projects addressing climate change, biodiversity loss, land degradation, and other environmental challenges.
Correct answer is: Climate change, biodiversity, and pollution
Q.13 Which of the following countries is NOT a part of the Paris Agreement?
United States
India
Brazil
North Korea
Explanation - North Korea has not ratified the Paris Agreement, while the US, India, and Brazil are parties to it.
Correct answer is: North Korea
Q.14 The principle of 'Common But Differentiated Responsibilities' is associated with:
Kyoto Protocol
Paris Agreement
Both Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement
Montreal Protocol
Explanation - This principle acknowledges that while all countries are responsible for addressing environmental issues, developed countries bear a greater historical responsibility.
Correct answer is: Both Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement
Q.15 Which UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) is directly related to climate action?
SDG 7
SDG 13
SDG 15
SDG 12
Explanation - SDG 13 focuses on urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.
Correct answer is: SDG 13
Q.16 Which of these agreements aims to phase out hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)?
Kyoto Protocol
Montreal Protocol
Paris Agreement
Stockholm Convention
Explanation - The Montreal Protocol initially targeted CFCs and later included HCFCs to protect the ozone layer.
Correct answer is: Montreal Protocol
Q.17 Which of the following mechanisms allows countries to trade carbon emission allowances?
Carbon Credit Trading
Green Fund Allocation
REDD+
Earth Charter
Explanation - Carbon trading allows countries or companies to buy and sell emission allowances to meet reduction targets cost-effectively.
Correct answer is: Carbon Credit Trading
Q.18 The concept of 'climate justice' primarily emphasizes:
Equal distribution of renewable energy
Equitable responsibility for climate change impacts
Complete ban on fossil fuels
Technological innovation
Explanation - Climate justice stresses fairness in the distribution of both the burdens and benefits of climate action, particularly for vulnerable communities.
Correct answer is: Equitable responsibility for climate change impacts
Q.19 The term 'carbon footprint' refers to:
Total land used for agriculture
Total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly or indirectly by an entity
Water consumption in production
Amount of plastic waste generated
Explanation - Carbon footprint measures the total emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases caused by individuals, organizations, or products.
Correct answer is: Total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly or indirectly by an entity
Q.20 Which of the following is NOT part of the triple planetary crisis identified by the UN?
Climate change
Biodiversity loss
Pollution
Nuclear proliferation
Explanation - The UN identifies climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution as the three interconnected environmental crises.
Correct answer is: Nuclear proliferation
Q.21 Which of the following protocols focuses on international trade in endangered species?
CITES
Kyoto Protocol
Montreal Protocol
Stockholm Convention
Explanation - The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) regulates international trade to ensure species survival.
Correct answer is: CITES
Q.22 Which initiative provides financial incentives to countries to protect tropical forests?
REDD+
CDM
Paris Fund
Montreal Initiative
Explanation - REDD+ compensates countries for reducing deforestation and forest degradation, promoting conservation and sustainable management.
Correct answer is: REDD+
Q.23 Which of the following is a major cause of ocean acidification?
Plastic pollution
Increased CO2 absorption by oceans
Oil spills
Deforestation
Explanation - The ocean absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere, which reacts with water to form carbonic acid, lowering ocean pH.
Correct answer is: Increased CO2 absorption by oceans
Q.24 The Bonn Challenge is associated with:
Forest landscape restoration
Reducing industrial emissions
Ocean cleanup
Air quality monitoring
Explanation - The Bonn Challenge (2011) is a global effort to restore degraded and deforested landscapes.
Correct answer is: Forest landscape restoration
Q.25 Which of the following initiatives targets the reduction of short-lived climate pollutants like black carbon?
Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC)
Montreal Protocol
Kyoto Protocol
REDD+
Explanation - The CCAC focuses on reducing short-lived climate pollutants such as black carbon, methane, and HFCs to mitigate near-term climate change.
Correct answer is: Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC)