Q.1 Which of the following best defines Urban Ecology?
Study of wildlife in forests
Interaction of living organisms with the urban environment
Management of rural ecosystems
Analysis of agricultural productivity
Explanation - Urban Ecology studies how humans, plants, animals, and built infrastructure interact in cities and towns.
Correct answer is: Interaction of living organisms with the urban environment
Q.2 What is the primary driver of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect?
Excessive vegetation
High albedo surfaces
Concrete and asphalt surfaces
Increased rainfall
Explanation - Concrete and asphalt absorb and retain heat, raising city temperatures compared to surrounding rural areas.
Correct answer is: Concrete and asphalt surfaces
Q.3 Which type of pollution is most commonly associated with urban transport?
Thermal pollution
Noise and air pollution
Soil pollution
Marine pollution
Explanation - Vehicle emissions contribute to air pollution, while traffic congestion creates significant noise pollution in cities.
Correct answer is: Noise and air pollution
Q.4 Green roofs in urban areas primarily help in:
Increasing traffic
Reducing rainfall
Mitigating heat island effect
Generating wind energy
Explanation - Green roofs reduce surface temperature and provide insulation, lowering urban heat levels.
Correct answer is: Mitigating heat island effect
Q.5 Which of the following is NOT a feature of sustainable urban planning?
Promotion of public transport
Waste recycling
Energy efficiency
Unregulated urban sprawl
Explanation - Unregulated sprawl worsens ecological footprints, while sustainability requires planned and compact development.
Correct answer is: Unregulated urban sprawl
Q.6 What is the main ecological concern with impermeable urban surfaces?
They support high biodiversity
They reduce groundwater recharge
They increase agricultural yield
They promote carbon sequestration
Explanation - Impermeable surfaces prevent rainwater infiltration, reducing aquifer recharge and increasing flood risk.
Correct answer is: They reduce groundwater recharge
Q.7 Which Indian mission emphasizes creating sustainable and resilient cities?
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
National Solar Mission
Smart Cities Mission
Jal Shakti Abhiyan
Explanation - The Smart Cities Mission integrates sustainability, resilience, and smart solutions in urban development.
Correct answer is: Smart Cities Mission
Q.8 Urban biodiversity is most threatened by:
High green cover
Urban sprawl and pollution
Community gardens
Protected areas
Explanation - Sprawl and pollution fragment habitats and reduce species diversity within cities.
Correct answer is: Urban sprawl and pollution
Q.9 Which city planning concept promotes walking, cycling, and public transport over cars?
Transit-Oriented Development
Urban Sprawl
Industrial Zoning
Slum Rehabilitation
Explanation - Transit-Oriented Development designs compact, accessible urban areas with mass transit as the focus.
Correct answer is: Transit-Oriented Development
Q.10 What is the role of urban wetlands in ecology?
Enhancing air pollution
Flood control and biodiversity support
Promoting traffic
Generating industrial waste
Explanation - Urban wetlands store excess rainwater, prevent flooding, and support diverse species.
Correct answer is: Flood control and biodiversity support
Q.11 Which global goal addresses sustainable cities?
SDG 11
SDG 2
SDG 6
SDG 14
Explanation - SDG 11 is dedicated to making cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.
Correct answer is: SDG 11
Q.12 Urban forestry contributes to:
Increased noise
Reduced air quality
Carbon sequestration and cooling
Higher building density
Explanation - Urban forests absorb carbon and cool city areas, improving environmental quality.
Correct answer is: Carbon sequestration and cooling
Q.13 What does the term 'Urban Sprawl' signify?
Dense housing in limited land
Unplanned expansion of urban areas
Vertical development of cities
Eco-friendly housing schemes
Explanation - Urban sprawl refers to uncontrolled horizontal growth leading to loss of agricultural land and biodiversity.
Correct answer is: Unplanned expansion of urban areas
Q.14 Which factor contributes most to urban flooding?
Urban agriculture
Stormwater drainage mismanagement
Large parks
Vertical housing
Explanation - Poor drainage and impermeable surfaces lead to waterlogging and flooding in urban areas.
Correct answer is: Stormwater drainage mismanagement
Q.15 Which of the following best describes 'Compact City' planning?
Unregulated sprawl
High density, mixed land use, walkability
Expansion into rural zones
Exclusive industrial zones
Explanation - Compact cities reduce ecological footprint by integrating land use and minimizing car dependence.
Correct answer is: High density, mixed land use, walkability
Q.16 Which of these is a renewable urban energy solution?
Coal power plants
Solar rooftop panels
Diesel generators
Nuclear energy
Explanation - Solar panels are widely adopted in urban environments as clean and renewable energy sources.
Correct answer is: Solar rooftop panels
Q.17 The carrying capacity of a city refers to:
The number of vehicles it can support
The maximum sustainable population without resource degradation
The total number of buildings
The transport network size
Explanation - Carrying capacity means the sustainable limit of population that an area can support with available resources.
Correct answer is: The maximum sustainable population without resource degradation
Q.18 Which practice improves stormwater management in cities?
Paved parking lots
Permeable pavements
Concrete rooftops
Urban sprawl
Explanation - Permeable pavements allow rainwater infiltration, reducing runoff and improving groundwater recharge.
Correct answer is: Permeable pavements
Q.19 What is the biggest challenge of urban solid waste management in India?
Lack of vehicles
Unsegregated waste collection
Excessive rainfall
Scarcity of land
Explanation - Mixed waste reduces recycling efficiency and leads to landfill overuse.
Correct answer is: Unsegregated waste collection
Q.20 Which initiative promotes non-motorized transport in Indian cities?
AMRUT
FAME India
National Electric Mobility Plan
Cycle4Change Challenge
Explanation - The Cycle4Change Challenge encourages cycling as a safe and sustainable mode of transport.
Correct answer is: Cycle4Change Challenge
Q.21 Urban ecology studies link human health to:
Industrial profits
Green space availability
Mining zones
Nuclear energy use
Explanation - Access to green spaces improves physical and mental health of urban populations.
Correct answer is: Green space availability
Q.22 Which technology is used in smart waste bins?
GPS and IoT sensors
Solar concentrators
Wind turbines
Artificial forests
Explanation - Smart bins use IoT sensors to track waste levels and optimize collection routes.
Correct answer is: GPS and IoT sensors
Q.23 Which transport strategy reduces carbon emissions in cities?
Car dependency
Metro rail networks
Highway expansion
More parking spaces
Explanation - Mass transit systems like metro rail reduce traffic congestion and carbon emissions.
Correct answer is: Metro rail networks
Q.24 Which Indian city is known as the first to implement a Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS)?
Delhi
Ahmedabad
Mumbai
Bangalore
Explanation - Ahmedabad pioneered the BRTS in India with Janmarg in 2009, enhancing public transport.
Correct answer is: Ahmedabad
Q.25 Which of the following is an indicator of good urban air quality?
High PM2.5 levels
Low AQI values
Excess NOx emissions
Smog formation
Explanation - A low Air Quality Index indicates cleaner and safer air for urban residents.
Correct answer is: Low AQI values