Q.1 Which greenhouse gas has the highest global warming potential (GWP) among the following?
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Nitrous oxide
Sulphur hexafluoride
Explanation - Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) has the highest GWP, approximately 23,500 times that of CO2 over a 100-year period.
Correct answer is: Sulphur hexafluoride
Q.2 Which protocol was the first international agreement to control CFC emissions to protect the ozone layer?
Kyoto Protocol
Montreal Protocol
Paris Agreement
Stockholm Convention
Explanation - The 1987 Montreal Protocol focused on phasing out ozone-depleting substances such as CFCs.
Correct answer is: Montreal Protocol
Q.3 Which country is the largest historical emitter of greenhouse gases?
China
India
United States
Russia
Explanation - The U.S. is the largest historical emitter due to long-term industrialization, though China currently leads annual emissions.
Correct answer is: United States
Q.4 Which of the following is a primary greenhouse gas naturally present in the atmosphere?
Carbon dioxide
CFCs
Sulphur dioxide
Ammonia
Explanation - CO2 is a naturally occurring greenhouse gas, vital for life but harmful in excess due to anthropogenic emissions.
Correct answer is: Carbon dioxide
Q.5 What does REDD+ stand for in climate change mitigation?
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation
Reducing Energy Demand and Dependency
Renewable Energy Development and Deployment
Regional Emissions Distribution Directive
Explanation - REDD+ is a UN mechanism to incentivize forest conservation and sustainable management to reduce emissions.
Correct answer is: Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation
Q.6 Which organization publishes the annual Emissions Gap Report?
World Bank
UNFCCC
UNEP
IPCC
Explanation - The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) publishes the Emissions Gap Report to assess progress toward climate targets.
Correct answer is: UNEP
Q.7 Which of the following gases is NOT considered a greenhouse gas under the Kyoto Protocol?
Methane
Nitrous oxide
Carbon monoxide
Hydrofluorocarbons
Explanation - CO is not listed under Kyoto Protocol as a GHG because it has a short lifetime and is indirectly related to climate forcing.
Correct answer is: Carbon monoxide
Q.8 Which Indian city hosted the Conference of Parties (COP-8) to the UNFCCC in 2002?
New Delhi
Mumbai
Hyderabad
Bengaluru
Explanation - COP-8 was held in New Delhi in 2002, where discussions focused on equity and common but differentiated responsibilities.
Correct answer is: New Delhi
Q.9 The term 'carbon sink' refers to:
Reservoirs that absorb more carbon than they release
Processes that emit carbon dioxide
Technologies that capture solar energy
Substances that neutralize carbon dioxide chemically
Explanation - Forests, soils, and oceans act as carbon sinks by absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere.
Correct answer is: Reservoirs that absorb more carbon than they release
Q.10 What is the main focus of the Kyoto Protocol?
Phasing out ozone-depleting substances
Legally binding targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions
Promoting renewable energy globally
Protecting endangered species
Explanation - The 1997 Kyoto Protocol committed developed countries to emission reduction targets.
Correct answer is: Legally binding targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions
Q.11 Which renewable energy source is most directly affected by changes in climate patterns?
Solar
Wind
Hydropower
Geothermal
Explanation - Hydropower depends on river flows and rainfall, which are directly influenced by climate change.
Correct answer is: Hydropower
Q.12 Which of the following sectors contributes the most to global greenhouse gas emissions?
Transport
Agriculture
Electricity and heat production
Deforestation
Explanation - According to IPCC, electricity and heat production account for the largest share of global GHG emissions.
Correct answer is: Electricity and heat production
Q.13 What does the 'two-degree target' refer to?
Limiting global warming to 2°C above pre-industrial levels
Reducing greenhouse gases by 2% annually
Increasing energy efficiency by 2% every year
Keeping oceans within 2°C temperature rise
Explanation - The two-degree target is a central goal of the Paris Agreement to avoid dangerous climate impacts.
Correct answer is: Limiting global warming to 2°C above pre-industrial levels
Q.14 Which body releases the 'State of the Climate' annual report?
WMO
FAO
UNDP
IMF
Explanation - The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) publishes the annual State of the Climate report.
Correct answer is: WMO
Q.15 Which region is experiencing the fastest warming due to climate change?
Antarctica
The Arctic
The Sahara Desert
Amazon Rainforest
Explanation - The Arctic is warming about twice as fast as the global average due to polar amplification.
Correct answer is: The Arctic
Q.16 Carbon trading is primarily associated with which international agreement?
Kyoto Protocol
Montreal Protocol
Paris Agreement
Nagoya Protocol
Explanation - The Kyoto Protocol introduced carbon trading through mechanisms like CDM and Joint Implementation.
Correct answer is: Kyoto Protocol
Q.17 Which of these is considered a short-lived climate pollutant (SLCP)?
Methane
Carbon dioxide
Nitrous oxide
Oxygen
Explanation - Methane is a short-lived climate pollutant with a strong warming effect but shorter atmospheric lifetime than CO2.
Correct answer is: Methane
Q.18 Which of the following sectors is NOT covered under India's National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)?
Solar energy
Energy efficiency
Sustainable agriculture
Space exploration
Explanation - The NAPCC focuses on eight national missions including solar, efficiency, agriculture, but not space exploration.
Correct answer is: Space exploration
Q.19 What is 'blue carbon'?
Carbon captured by oceans and coastal ecosystems
Carbon captured by glaciers
Carbon captured from fossil fuels
Carbon captured using artificial technology
Explanation - Blue carbon refers to carbon captured by mangroves, seagrasses, and salt marshes.
Correct answer is: Carbon captured by oceans and coastal ecosystems
Q.20 Which is the first country to make a law for net-zero emissions by 2050?
India
United States
United Kingdom
Germany
Explanation - The UK passed legislation in 2019 to bring all GHG emissions to net-zero by 2050.
Correct answer is: United Kingdom
Q.21 Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?
Water vapour
Ozone
Carbon monoxide
Nitrous oxide
Explanation - CO is not a greenhouse gas; it indirectly affects climate by influencing methane and ozone levels.
Correct answer is: Carbon monoxide
Q.22 The Paris Agreement primarily aims to:
Ban fossil fuels immediately
Limit global temperature rise well below 2°C
Protect biodiversity hotspots
Fund renewable energy only
Explanation - The Paris Agreement seeks to limit warming to below 2°C, with efforts toward 1.5°C.
Correct answer is: Limit global temperature rise well below 2°C
Q.23 Which of these is an example of climate adaptation?
Switching to electric vehicles
Developing drought-resistant crops
Carbon capture technologies
Implementing carbon tax
Explanation - Adaptation refers to adjusting to climate impacts, while mitigation reduces emissions.
Correct answer is: Developing drought-resistant crops
Q.24 Which gas is responsible for 'acid rain' but not a direct greenhouse gas?
Sulphur dioxide
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Nitrous oxide
Explanation - SO2 causes acid rain but is not a greenhouse gas as it does not trap heat.
Correct answer is: Sulphur dioxide
Q.25 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established in which year?
1972
1988
1992
2000
Explanation - The IPCC was set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP to assess scientific knowledge on climate change.
Correct answer is: 1988