Q.1 Which of the following is the primary cause of rapid urbanization in India?
Expansion of rural industries
Migration from rural to urban areas for employment
Decrease in population growth
Increase in agricultural productivity
Explanation - Rapid urbanization in India is mainly driven by rural-to-urban migration due to better employment opportunities in cities.
Correct answer is: Migration from rural to urban areas for employment
Q.2 Which of these is a sustainable approach to urban infrastructure development?
Constructing more roads without planning
Developing green buildings and public transport
Expanding urban areas without zoning
Focusing solely on commercial buildings
Explanation - Sustainable urban infrastructure emphasizes environmental conservation, efficient public transport, and green buildings.
Correct answer is: Developing green buildings and public transport
Q.3 Smart Cities Mission in India was launched in which year?
2010
2015
2018
2020
Explanation - The Smart Cities Mission was launched in 2015 to promote sustainable and citizen-friendly urban infrastructure.
Correct answer is: 2015
Q.4 Which of the following is NOT an urban infrastructure component?
Road networks
Power supply
Telecommunication
Forest cover
Explanation - Forest cover is a natural resource and not considered part of urban infrastructure.
Correct answer is: Forest cover
Q.5 The concept of 'Transit-Oriented Development' primarily focuses on:
Housing on the outskirts of cities
Development around public transport hubs
Increasing private vehicle ownership
Developing industrial zones
Explanation - Transit-Oriented Development promotes compact, mixed-use urban areas around public transport stations to reduce traffic congestion and pollution.
Correct answer is: Development around public transport hubs
Q.6 Which Indian city was the first to implement a metro rail system?
Delhi
Kolkata
Mumbai
Bengaluru
Explanation - Kolkata Metro, inaugurated in 1984, was India’s first metro rail system.
Correct answer is: Kolkata
Q.7 Urban sprawl refers to:
Growth of rural areas
Unplanned expansion of urban areas
Construction of high-rise buildings
Improvement in public transportation
Explanation - Urban sprawl is the uncontrolled and unplanned growth of urban areas into the surrounding rural land.
Correct answer is: Unplanned expansion of urban areas
Q.8 Which of the following is a major challenge in urban water supply management?
Excessive rainfall
Over-extraction of groundwater
Abundant river networks
Use of solar panels
Explanation - Urban areas face water scarcity due to over-extraction of groundwater, increasing demand, and insufficient water infrastructure.
Correct answer is: Over-extraction of groundwater
Q.9 The term 'Infrastructure Gap' generally means:
Excess infrastructure in cities
Difference between required and available infrastructure
Gap between rural and urban areas
Difference between public and private transport
Explanation - Infrastructure gap refers to the shortfall between the infrastructure that is needed and what is actually available.
Correct answer is: Difference between required and available infrastructure
Q.10 Which urban policy initiative focuses on affordable housing in India?
Smart Cities Mission
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana
National Highway Development
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
Explanation - Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana aims to provide affordable housing for all urban poor by 2022.
Correct answer is: Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana
Q.11 Urban heat islands are primarily caused by:
Dense vegetation
Industrialization and concrete structures
Low population density
Proximity to rivers
Explanation - Urban heat islands occur due to the concentration of heat-absorbing materials like concrete and asphalt in cities.
Correct answer is: Industrialization and concrete structures
Q.12 Which of the following is a characteristic of sustainable urban transport?
High reliance on private vehicles
Promotion of walking, cycling, and public transport
Extensive use of fossil fuels
Unplanned road expansions
Explanation - Sustainable urban transport aims to reduce pollution, traffic congestion, and energy consumption through eco-friendly modes of transport.
Correct answer is: Promotion of walking, cycling, and public transport
Q.13 Which organization is responsible for urban planning and development in Indian cities?
NITI Aayog
Municipal Corporations
Ministry of Defence
Indian Railways
Explanation - Municipal Corporations manage urban infrastructure, planning, and civic amenities in cities.
Correct answer is: Municipal Corporations
Q.14 Which of the following is an effect of poor urban drainage systems?
Flooding
Better sanitation
Green cover increase
Economic growth
Explanation - Inadequate drainage systems in urban areas often lead to waterlogging and urban flooding during heavy rains.
Correct answer is: Flooding
Q.15 Which Indian city is famous for its 'Metro Rail without government subsidy' model?
Delhi
Mumbai
Bengaluru
Ahmedabad
Explanation - Ahmedabad Metro has been implemented using a mix of private and public funding, minimizing direct government subsidy.
Correct answer is: Ahmedabad
Q.16 Which term refers to the integration of IT and communication technology in urban services?
Green Infrastructure
Smart Cities
Rural Development
Industrial Corridors
Explanation - Smart Cities use IT and communication technology to improve urban services, efficiency, and quality of life.
Correct answer is: Smart Cities
Q.17 Which of the following is a consequence of unplanned urbanization?
Improved public services
Traffic congestion and pollution
Better housing
Sustainable development
Explanation - Unplanned urban growth often leads to traffic jams, pollution, inadequate housing, and strain on civic infrastructure.
Correct answer is: Traffic congestion and pollution
Q.18 Which is considered the backbone of urban mobility in most cities?
Private taxis
Public transport systems
Bicycle lanes
Parking spaces
Explanation - Efficient public transport ensures mass mobility, reduces congestion, and minimizes environmental impact in cities.
Correct answer is: Public transport systems
Q.19 Which policy aims to integrate urban development with climate resilience in India?
National Urban Policy
National Rural Health Mission
National Education Policy
Atal Mission for Rejuvenation
Explanation - The National Urban Policy focuses on sustainable urban growth, infrastructure development, and climate-resilient planning.
Correct answer is: National Urban Policy
Q.20 Which of these is a major factor in determining urban land use patterns?
Agricultural productivity
Population density and economic activity
Forest cover
Mountain terrain
Explanation - Urban land use is influenced by population concentration, commercial zones, industrial areas, and transport networks.
Correct answer is: Population density and economic activity
Q.21 Which Indian initiative aims to modernize urban sanitation infrastructure?
Swachh Bharat Mission
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
Smart Cities Mission
Make in India
Explanation - Swachh Bharat Mission focuses on sanitation, solid waste management, and the elimination of open defecation in urban areas.
Correct answer is: Swachh Bharat Mission
Q.22 Which of the following urban transport modes is most energy-efficient per passenger-kilometer?
Metro rail
Private cars
Motorcycles
Air travel
Explanation - Metro rail is highly energy-efficient per passenger-kilometer and reduces urban congestion compared to private vehicles.
Correct answer is: Metro rail
Q.23 What does the term 'Inclusive Urbanization' imply?
Development only for high-income groups
Ensuring access to services for all social groups
Prioritizing industrial zones over housing
Reducing green cover for urban expansion
Explanation - Inclusive urbanization ensures equitable access to housing, healthcare, education, and public services for all residents.
Correct answer is: Ensuring access to services for all social groups
Q.24 Which of the following is a common financing mechanism for urban infrastructure projects?
Municipal bonds
Agricultural subsidies
Foreign aid for defense
Direct taxation only
Explanation - Municipal bonds are debt instruments issued by city governments to raise funds for urban infrastructure projects.
Correct answer is: Municipal bonds
Q.25 The primary objective of 'Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT)' is:
Industrial expansion
Water supply, sewerage, and urban infrastructure development
Promotion of private real estate
Reducing population growth
Explanation - AMRUT aims to provide basic urban services like water supply, sewerage, and green spaces to improve urban living standards.
Correct answer is: Water supply, sewerage, and urban infrastructure development