Q.1 Which of the following is considered a primary social institution?
Government
Family
Market
Media
Explanation - Family is a primary social institution because it is fundamental to socialization and nurturing of individuals.
Correct answer is: Family
Q.2 What does 'social stratification' refer to?
The division of society into hierarchical layers
Economic development
Urban planning
Political campaigns
Explanation - Social stratification is the structured ranking of individuals into social layers based on factors like wealth, power, and status.
Correct answer is: The division of society into hierarchical layers
Q.3 Which of the following best defines 'gender inequality'?
Unequal pay between different professions
Discrimination based on gender in opportunities and resources
Education disparity among regions
Political representation of minorities
Explanation - Gender inequality occurs when individuals are treated differently based on their gender in terms of access to resources, rights, and opportunities.
Correct answer is: Discrimination based on gender in opportunities and resources
Q.4 Which act was enacted to prohibit caste-based discrimination in India?
The Right to Education Act
The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act
The Dowry Prohibition Act
The Child Labour Act
Explanation - This Act was enacted to prevent atrocities and discrimination against SCs and STs in India.
Correct answer is: The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act
Q.5 Which of the following is a major challenge in urban society?
Deforestation
Overcrowding and slum formation
Monsoon variability
Crop rotation
Explanation - Rapid urbanization often leads to overcrowding, inadequate housing, and slum development.
Correct answer is: Overcrowding and slum formation
Q.6 What is the primary focus of 'social justice'?
Economic growth
Equitable distribution of resources and opportunities
Technological advancement
Global trade policies
Explanation - Social justice emphasizes fairness in access to wealth, opportunities, and privileges within society.
Correct answer is: Equitable distribution of resources and opportunities
Q.7 Which Indian social reformer fought against untouchability?
Raja Ram Mohan Roy
B.R. Ambedkar
Mahatma Gandhi
Swami Vivekananda
Explanation - B.R. Ambedkar was a key leader in advocating against untouchability and for the rights of Dalits.
Correct answer is: B.R. Ambedkar
Q.8 What is meant by 'cultural diversity'?
The variety of climate zones
The variety of cultural expressions, beliefs, and practices within society
Economic sectors in a country
Political party systems
Explanation - Cultural diversity reflects the coexistence of different traditions, languages, and customs within a community.
Correct answer is: The variety of cultural expressions, beliefs, and practices within society
Q.9 Which of the following is an indicator of social development?
Per capita income
Literacy rate
Exports
Urban roads
Explanation - Social development indicators measure quality of life aspects like education, health, and equality rather than purely economic growth.
Correct answer is: Literacy rate
Q.10 Which of these is considered a 'social problem' in India?
Traffic congestion
Poverty and child labor
Digital payments
Monsoon rainfall
Explanation - Social problems are conditions that harm society and require collective solutions, like poverty and child labor.
Correct answer is: Poverty and child labor
Q.11 Which approach focuses on reducing inequalities through affirmative action?
Liberalism
Reservation policy
Market liberalization
Urban planning
Explanation - Reservation policies aim to reduce social inequalities by providing opportunities to disadvantaged groups.
Correct answer is: Reservation policy
Q.12 Which of the following best illustrates social mobility?
A person moving from rural to urban areas
A student improving academic performance and securing a better job
Introduction of new technology
A government forming new laws
Explanation - Social mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups within social hierarchy, usually upward or downward.
Correct answer is: A student improving academic performance and securing a better job
Q.13 What does 'marginalization' mean in social terms?
Being pushed to the edge of society and denied full participation
Becoming wealthy
Urbanization
Industrial development
Explanation - Marginalization refers to the exclusion of individuals or groups from mainstream social, economic, and political life.
Correct answer is: Being pushed to the edge of society and denied full participation
Q.14 Which of the following represents a consequence of caste-based discrimination?
Equal opportunity in jobs
Social exclusion and inequality
Industrial growth
Globalization
Explanation - Caste-based discrimination limits access to education, jobs, and social participation, causing inequality.
Correct answer is: Social exclusion and inequality
Q.15 Which of these is a major cause of urban poverty?
Agricultural surplus
Migration from rural areas to cities
High literacy rates
Technological innovation
Explanation - Rural-urban migration increases population pressure in cities, often resulting in urban poverty and slums.
Correct answer is: Migration from rural areas to cities
Q.16 Which government initiative aims to improve social equity in India?
Smart Cities Mission
MGNREGA
Make in India
Digital India
Explanation - MGNREGA provides employment to rural poor, helping reduce inequality and improve social security.
Correct answer is: MGNREGA
Q.17 Which of the following best describes 'child labor'?
Children studying after school
Employment of children in work that deprives them of education and development
Part-time college jobs
Volunteering in NGOs
Explanation - Child labor refers to work that is harmful to a child’s education, health, or development.
Correct answer is: Employment of children in work that deprives them of education and development
Q.18 Which of these social issues is most closely linked to gender-based violence?
Corruption
Patriarchy and societal norms
Technological advancement
Migration
Explanation - Gender-based violence often arises from patriarchal structures and traditional social norms that disadvantage women.
Correct answer is: Patriarchy and societal norms
Q.19 What is meant by the term 'social exclusion'?
Inclusion of all individuals in education
Process where individuals/groups are systematically denied full access to rights and resources
Global trade agreements
Urban planning policies
Explanation - Social exclusion is the process by which certain groups are marginalized and denied opportunities and resources.
Correct answer is: Process where individuals/groups are systematically denied full access to rights and resources
Q.20 Which factor contributes most to literacy disparity in India?
Unequal access to quality education
Population density
Agricultural productivity
Digital payments adoption
Explanation - Literacy disparities often result from unequal access to schools, teachers, and educational resources.
Correct answer is: Unequal access to quality education
Q.21 Which is a common feature of slum areas in urban India?
Well-planned infrastructure
High population density and inadequate basic services
Luxury housing
Tourist attractions
Explanation - Slums are characterized by overcrowding, poor sanitation, lack of drinking water, and insecure housing.
Correct answer is: High population density and inadequate basic services
Q.22 Which of the following best represents social cohesion?
Conflict among groups
Unity and cooperation within society
Economic growth
Technological advancement
Explanation - Social cohesion is the willingness of members of a society to cooperate and maintain strong social bonds.
Correct answer is: Unity and cooperation within society
Q.23 Which of these is a major consequence of rapid urbanization?
Better forest cover
Traffic congestion and pollution
Rural prosperity
Decrease in population
Explanation - Rapid urbanization leads to overcrowding, pollution, traffic issues, and strain on infrastructure.
Correct answer is: Traffic congestion and pollution
Q.24 Which of the following is a government program aimed at empowering women in India?
Skill India
Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
Startup India
Digital India
Explanation - Beti Bachao Beti Padhao aims to improve the status of girls through education, protection, and empowerment.
Correct answer is: Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
Q.25 Which of the following is a structural cause of poverty?
Natural disasters
Unequal access to land and education
Technological innovation
Migration
Explanation - Structural poverty arises from systemic inequalities in access to resources like land, education, and employment.
Correct answer is: Unequal access to land and education