Q.1 Which of the following is the primary greenhouse gas responsible for global warming?
Methane (CH4)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Ozone (O3)
Explanation - Carbon dioxide is the most abundant anthropogenic greenhouse gas and significantly contributes to global warming.
Correct answer is: Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Q.2 The process by which fertile land becomes desert due to drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture is called:
Desalination
Desertification
Eutrophication
Deforestation
Explanation - Desertification is the degradation of land in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas resulting from climatic variations and human activities.
Correct answer is: Desertification
Q.3 Which of the following is an example of a non-renewable resource?
Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Coal
Biomass
Explanation - Coal is a finite fossil fuel that cannot be replenished on a human timescale, making it a non-renewable resource.
Correct answer is: Coal
Q.4 Which ecosystem is characterized by high rainfall, dense canopy, and high biodiversity?
Desert
Grassland
Rainforest
Tundra
Explanation - Tropical rainforests have dense vegetation, receive high rainfall, and harbor the highest biodiversity among terrestrial ecosystems.
Correct answer is: Rainforest
Q.5 Which of the following international agreements primarily addresses climate change?
Montreal Protocol
Kyoto Protocol
CITES
Stockholm Convention
Explanation - The Kyoto Protocol was adopted to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change.
Correct answer is: Kyoto Protocol
Q.6 The term 'biodiversity hotspot' refers to a region that:
Has high rainfall
Is rich in species but under threat
Is mostly desert
Has low human activity
Explanation - Biodiversity hotspots are regions with significant levels of endemic species and are threatened by human activities.
Correct answer is: Is rich in species but under threat
Q.7 Which is the major cause of ozone layer depletion?
CO2 Emissions
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Methane Release
Nitrogen Oxides
Explanation - CFCs, used in refrigerants and aerosols, release chlorine in the stratosphere, destroying ozone molecules.
Correct answer is: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Q.8 Eutrophication in water bodies is mainly caused by:
Excess oxygen
Excess nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus
Industrial cooling
Deforestation
Explanation - Eutrophication occurs due to nutrient enrichment, leading to excessive algae growth and oxygen depletion in water bodies.
Correct answer is: Excess nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus
Q.9 Which of the following is a renewable source of energy?
Natural Gas
Petroleum
Solar Energy
Coal
Explanation - Solar energy is derived from the Sun and is naturally replenished, making it a renewable energy source.
Correct answer is: Solar Energy
Q.10 The concept of 'sustainable development' was popularized by which report?
Brundtland Report
IPCC Report
Stockholm Declaration
Earth Summit Agenda 21
Explanation - The Brundtland Report (1987) defined sustainable development as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Correct answer is: Brundtland Report
Q.11 Which of the following is considered a primary pollutant?
Ozone (O3)
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
Smog
Peroxyacetyl nitrate
Explanation - Primary pollutants are directly emitted from sources. SO2 is directly released from combustion of fossil fuels.
Correct answer is: Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
Q.12 Which Indian state has the highest forest cover as per the latest assessment?
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Arunachal Pradesh
Uttarakhand
Explanation - Madhya Pradesh has the largest forest cover in India, followed by Arunachal Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.
Correct answer is: Madhya Pradesh
Q.13 The main purpose of afforestation is to:
Increase soil erosion
Reduce forest area
Increase green cover and biodiversity
Promote urbanization
Explanation - Afforestation involves planting trees in barren areas to enhance vegetation, biodiversity, and ecological balance.
Correct answer is: Increase green cover and biodiversity
Q.14 Which of the following is an invasive species in India?
Indian Cobra
Water Hyacinth
Indian Peafowl
Bengal Tiger
Explanation - Water Hyacinth is a fast-spreading aquatic plant that disrupts native ecosystems and water flow in India.
Correct answer is: Water Hyacinth
Q.15 The main effect of acid rain is:
Soil alkalization
Damage to crops and forests
Ozone layer repair
Global warming reduction
Explanation - Acid rain, caused by SO2 and NOx emissions, leads to soil acidification and damages vegetation, aquatic life, and infrastructure.
Correct answer is: Damage to crops and forests
Q.16 Which international body publishes the 'Global Environment Outlook'?
UNEP
WHO
IPCC
UNESCO
Explanation - The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) publishes the Global Environment Outlook to assess global environmental trends.
Correct answer is: UNEP
Q.17 Which of the following contributes the most to marine plastic pollution?
Fishing nets and gear
Natural seaweed
Oil spills
Sand erosion
Explanation - Discarded fishing nets, plastic bags, and other debris from human activity are major contributors to marine plastic pollution.
Correct answer is: Fishing nets and gear
Q.18 The 'Chipko Movement' in India was primarily aimed at:
Promoting industrialization
Protecting forests
River cleaning
Wildlife conservation
Explanation - The Chipko Movement was a non-violent protest in India aimed at preventing deforestation by embracing trees.
Correct answer is: Protecting forests
Q.19 Which gas is primarily responsible for the greenhouse effect but is not emitted in large quantities by human activities?
Water Vapor (H2O)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Methane (CH4)
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Explanation - Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas naturally, but its concentration is not directly controlled by humans.
Correct answer is: Water Vapor (H2O)
Q.20 Which type of soil erosion is caused by wind?
Sheet Erosion
Gully Erosion
Aeolian Erosion
Rill Erosion
Explanation - Aeolian erosion is caused by wind action, commonly affecting dry and barren areas.
Correct answer is: Aeolian Erosion
Q.21 The 'Kyoto Protocol' and 'Paris Agreement' are associated with:
Biodiversity conservation
Climate change mitigation
Forest management
Water conservation
Explanation - Both agreements are international efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and limit global warming.
Correct answer is: Climate change mitigation
Q.22 Which of the following is an effect of deforestation on the environment?
Increase in biodiversity
Soil erosion and habitat loss
Global cooling
Reduced CO2 levels
Explanation - Deforestation leads to loss of vegetation, soil degradation, and destruction of wildlife habitats.
Correct answer is: Soil erosion and habitat loss
Q.23 Which Indian policy focuses on the conservation of biodiversity?
National Forest Policy
Biodiversity Act 2002
Water Policy 2012
Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act
Explanation - The Biological Diversity Act, 2002, aims to conserve biological diversity, ensure sustainable use, and regulate access to genetic resources in India.
Correct answer is: Biodiversity Act 2002
Q.24 Which of the following is a major consequence of melting glaciers?
Desertification
Sea-level rise
Ozone depletion
Soil enrichment
Explanation - Melting glaciers contribute to the increase in sea levels, causing coastal erosion and flooding.
Correct answer is: Sea-level rise
Q.25 Which renewable energy source involves generating electricity from flowing water?
Wind Energy
Hydropower
Geothermal Energy
Solar Energy
Explanation - Hydropower converts the kinetic energy of flowing water into electricity using turbines.
Correct answer is: Hydropower