Q.1 Which of the following is the most widely used measure of population growth?
Crude Birth Rate
Crude Death Rate
Natural Increase Rate
Total Fertility Rate
Explanation - The natural increase rate measures population growth by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate, ignoring migration.
Correct answer is: Natural Increase Rate
Q.2 What does the term 'demographic transition' refer to?
Shift from rural to urban population
Transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates
Increase in migration rate
Decline in population due to famine
Explanation - Demographic transition is the process by which countries move from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates, usually due to economic and social development.
Correct answer is: Transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates
Q.3 Which state in India has the highest population density according to the 2011 Census?
Bihar
Maharashtra
Kerala
Uttar Pradesh
Explanation - Bihar has the highest population density in India, with over 1,100 persons per square kilometer as per 2011 Census.
Correct answer is: Bihar
Q.4 The term 'dependency ratio' refers to:
Ratio of working population to non-working population
Ratio of males to females
Ratio of urban to rural population
Ratio of literates to illiterates
Explanation - Dependency ratio measures the proportion of non-working (dependent) population compared to working population, indicating economic burden.
Correct answer is: Ratio of working population to non-working population
Q.5 Which of the following is a direct consequence of population ageing?
Increase in labor force
Higher healthcare expenditure
Higher fertility rate
Decline in mortality rate
Explanation - Population ageing leads to higher proportion of elderly, increasing healthcare and pension costs.
Correct answer is: Higher healthcare expenditure
Q.6 The term 'replacement fertility rate' generally refers to a TFR of:
2.1 children per woman
3.5 children per woman
1.5 children per woman
2.5 children per woman
Explanation - Replacement fertility rate is the number of children per woman needed to keep population size stable, typically around 2.1.
Correct answer is: 2.1 children per woman
Q.7 Which of the following best describes the 'sex ratio'?
Number of females per 1000 males
Number of males per 1000 females
Percentage of working females
Ratio of young to old population
Explanation - Sex ratio is defined as the number of females per 1,000 males in the population.
Correct answer is: Number of females per 1000 males
Q.8 The population pyramid of a country with high birth and death rates is usually:
Narrow base, wide top
Wide base, narrow top
Uniform shape
Inverted pyramid
Explanation - Countries with high birth and death rates show a youthful population, resulting in a wide base and narrow top in their population pyramid.
Correct answer is: Wide base, narrow top
Q.9 Which indicator is used to measure overall human development along with population statistics?
Human Development Index (HDI)
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Population Density
Net Migration Rate
Explanation - HDI combines life expectancy, education, and per capita income, linking population data with human development.
Correct answer is: Human Development Index (HDI)
Q.10 Which of the following factors contributes most to urban population growth in India?
Migration from rural areas
High birth rate in cities
Decline in rural death rate
Government incentives
Explanation - Urban population growth is driven largely by rural-to-urban migration seeking employment and better living conditions.
Correct answer is: Migration from rural areas
Q.11 Crude death rate is defined as:
Number of deaths per 1000 population per year
Number of deaths per 1000 live births
Number of deaths per 1000 working population
Number of deaths per 1000 urban population
Explanation - Crude death rate is a measure of the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a year.
Correct answer is: Number of deaths per 1000 population per year
Q.12 The term 'fertility rate' refers to:
Number of live births per 1000 women of reproductive age
Number of deaths per 1000 population
Number of children in urban areas
Number of females per 1000 males
Explanation - Fertility rate measures the number of live births in a year per 1,000 women aged 15-49.
Correct answer is: Number of live births per 1000 women of reproductive age
Q.13 Which Indian state has the highest female-to-male sex ratio according to the 2011 Census?
Kerala
Punjab
Haryana
Rajasthan
Explanation - Kerala has the highest female-to-male ratio, reflecting better gender equity and social development.
Correct answer is: Kerala
Q.14 Which of the following is a challenge of high population density?
Pressure on resources
Better urban planning
Lower unemployment
Higher per capita income
Explanation - High population density can lead to resource scarcity, overcrowding, and strain on infrastructure.
Correct answer is: Pressure on resources
Q.15 Which population policy in India aimed to reduce fertility rates during the 1970s?
National Population Policy 1976
Family Planning Program
National Health Mission
Swachh Bharat Mission
Explanation - India's Family Planning Program introduced in the 1970s aimed to control population growth through sterilization and contraception.
Correct answer is: Family Planning Program
Q.16 Which of the following is a consequence of declining fertility rate in a population?
Population ageing
Increase in child population
Higher dependency ratio due to children
Rapid urbanization
Explanation - Declining fertility reduces the proportion of young people, leading to an ageing population over time.
Correct answer is: Population ageing
Q.17 Life expectancy at birth is:
Average number of years a newborn is expected to live
Number of people surviving past age 60
Average lifespan of working adults
Average number of children born per woman
Explanation - Life expectancy at birth indicates the average number of years a newborn is likely to live under current mortality conditions.
Correct answer is: Average number of years a newborn is expected to live
Q.18 Which of the following is a key factor affecting population distribution?
Physical geography
Social customs
Economic opportunities
All of the above
Explanation - Population distribution is influenced by terrain, climate, culture, economy, and infrastructure.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.19 Migration from one country to another primarily affects:
Population size and composition
Birth rate
Death rate
Fertility rate
Explanation - International migration changes the total population and the demographic composition of regions.
Correct answer is: Population size and composition
Q.20 Which demographic indicator is used to measure infant health?
Infant Mortality Rate
Crude Birth Rate
Fertility Rate
Life Expectancy
Explanation - Infant Mortality Rate measures deaths of infants under one year per 1,000 live births, indicating healthcare and living conditions.
Correct answer is: Infant Mortality Rate
Q.21 Which of the following regions in India has a declining population growth rate?
Kerala
Bihar
Uttar Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Explanation - Kerala has achieved low fertility rates and declining population growth due to education, health awareness, and socioeconomic development.
Correct answer is: Kerala
Q.22 Which of the following strategies is used to manage overpopulation?
Promoting family planning
Improving education
Encouraging female workforce participation
All of the above
Explanation - Overpopulation can be managed through family planning, education, and social empowerment, especially of women.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.23 Which factor most directly influences population momentum?
Age structure
Fertility rate
Life expectancy
Migration
Explanation - Population momentum occurs when a large proportion of the population is in reproductive age, leading to continued growth even if fertility declines.
Correct answer is: Age structure
Q.24 Which Indian city is most affected by rapid urban population growth?
Mumbai
Kolkata
Chennai
Jaipur
Explanation - Mumbai faces challenges due to high urban migration, resulting in population pressure, slums, and infrastructure strain.
Correct answer is: Mumbai
Q.25 Which indicator shows the ratio of male to female population in a given age group?
Child Sex Ratio
Crude Birth Rate
Infant Mortality Rate
Dependency Ratio
Explanation - Child sex ratio refers to the number of girls per 1,000 boys in the 0–6 age group, reflecting gender balance.
Correct answer is: Child Sex Ratio