Q.1 Which Supreme Court ruling in 2023 reaffirmed that the Chief Justice of India is part of the 'Collegium System' for judicial appointments?
NJAC Judgment
Kesavananda Bharati Case
Second Judges Case
Third Judges Case
Explanation - The Third Judges Case (1998) clarified that judicial appointments must be made by the Collegium, including the Chief Justice of India. The Supreme Court reaffirmed this system in recent rulings against the NJAC Act.
Correct answer is: Third Judges Case
Q.2 In 2024, the Supreme Court directed states to ensure that no accused remains in prison only due to inability to afford bail. This relates to which Article of the Constitution?
Article 14
Article 19
Article 21
Article 32
Explanation - Article 21 guarantees the right to life and personal liberty. The SC ruled that inability to furnish bail bonds should not lead to prolonged imprisonment.
Correct answer is: Article 21
Q.3 Which High Court in 2023 declared that marital rape can be considered a ground for divorce?
Delhi High Court
Bombay High Court
Kerala High Court
Punjab & Haryana High Court
Explanation - The Kerala High Court ruled that marital rape, even though not criminalized in India, can be a valid ground for divorce under cruelty.
Correct answer is: Kerala High Court
Q.4 Which law was struck down by the Supreme Court in 2018 for being unconstitutional and violating Article 14?
Section 377 IPC
Section 497 IPC (Adultery)
Section 124A IPC
AFSPA
Explanation - The SC struck down Section 497 IPC (criminalizing adultery), holding it discriminatory and violative of equality under Article 14.
Correct answer is: Section 497 IPC (Adultery)
Q.5 In 2023, the Supreme Court recognized the right of women officers to permanent commission in which armed force?
Indian Army
Indian Navy
Indian Air Force
All Armed Forces
Explanation - The SC extended permanent commission rights to women officers in the Navy, ensuring gender equality in armed forces services.
Correct answer is: Indian Navy
Q.6 Which Article of the Constitution gives the Supreme Court the power to review its own judgments?
Article 137
Article 141
Article 32
Article 142
Explanation - Article 137 empowers the Supreme Court to review its judgments or orders, subject to parliamentary law.
Correct answer is: Article 137
Q.7 In 2023, the Supreme Court delivered a judgment on same-sex marriage petitions. What was its stance?
Legalized same-sex marriage
Rejected recognition of same-sex marriage
Directed Parliament to amend laws
Criminalized same-sex unions
Explanation - The SC refused to legalize same-sex marriage, holding that it is for Parliament to decide, but upheld rights to equality and dignity for LGBTQ+ persons.
Correct answer is: Rejected recognition of same-sex marriage
Q.8 Which constitutional amendment was upheld by the Supreme Court in 2022 granting 10% reservation for EWS?
103rd Amendment
102nd Amendment
104th Amendment
105th Amendment
Explanation - The 103rd Constitutional Amendment introduced 10% reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS), upheld by SC in 2022.
Correct answer is: 103rd Amendment
Q.9 Which recent SC judgment reinforced that governors cannot indefinitely delay bills passed by state legislatures?
S.R. Bommai Case
Nabam Rebia Case
Rameshwar Prasad Case
2023 Punjab Governor Case
Explanation - The SC in 2023 directed governors to act on state bills within a reasonable time, citing constitutional accountability.
Correct answer is: 2023 Punjab Governor Case
Q.10 The Supreme Court recently upheld the constitutional validity of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA). Which year was PMLA enacted?
1999
2002
2005
2008
Explanation - PMLA was enacted in 2002 to prevent money laundering and confiscate property derived from illegal sources.
Correct answer is: 2002
Q.11 Which Article empowers the Supreme Court to transfer cases from one High Court to another?
Article 134
Article 139
Article 139A
Article 140
Explanation - Article 139A empowers SC to transfer cases between High Courts if they involve substantial questions of law.
Correct answer is: Article 139A
Q.12 In 2023, which tribunal system did the Supreme Court suggest restructuring to reduce pendency of cases?
National Company Law Tribunal
Debt Recovery Tribunal
Armed Forces Tribunal
All of the above
Explanation - The SC emphasized the need for better infrastructure, staffing, and autonomy across multiple tribunals.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.13 Which case is famously associated with the 'Basic Structure Doctrine'?
Minerva Mills Case
Golaknath Case
Kesavananda Bharati Case
Indira Sawhney Case
Explanation - In 1973, the Kesavananda Bharati Case established the 'Basic Structure Doctrine,' limiting Parliament's amending power.
Correct answer is: Kesavananda Bharati Case
Q.14 Which landmark SC case in 2017 declared the Right to Privacy as a Fundamental Right?
ADM Jabalpur Case
Shreya Singhal Case
Puttaswamy Case
Navtej Johar Case
Explanation - In Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017), SC declared the Right to Privacy as intrinsic to Article 21.
Correct answer is: Puttaswamy Case
Q.15 Which Article allows the President of India to seek the Supreme Court’s opinion on legal matters?
Article 141
Article 142
Article 143
Article 148
Explanation - Article 143 empowers the President to consult the Supreme Court for advisory opinions on matters of law or fact.
Correct answer is: Article 143
Q.16 Which 2023 ruling emphasized that prisoners retain their fundamental rights except those curtailed by incarceration?
Sunil Batra Case
DK Basu Case
Maneka Gandhi Case
Reinforced Prisoners’ Rights Case
Explanation - The Sunil Batra judgment emphasized prisoners’ rights, recently reaffirmed by SC in 2023 rulings on humane treatment of inmates.
Correct answer is: Sunil Batra Case
Q.17 Which law was decriminalized by the Supreme Court in Navtej Johar v. Union of India (2018)?
Section 124A IPC
Section 377 IPC
Section 497 IPC
AFSPA
Explanation - The SC decriminalized consensual homosexual acts under Section 377 IPC in 2018, affirming LGBTQ+ rights.
Correct answer is: Section 377 IPC
Q.18 Which case established judicial review as part of the Constitution’s basic structure?
Minerva Mills Case
Kesavananda Bharati Case
Maneka Gandhi Case
Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain
Explanation - In 1980, the Minerva Mills Case strengthened the 'Basic Structure Doctrine,' emphasizing judicial review as essential.
Correct answer is: Minerva Mills Case
Q.19 Which constitutional authority has the final word on disputes related to disqualification of MPs under the anti-defection law?
Election Commission
Speaker of the House
Supreme Court
President of India
Explanation - Although Speakers decide disqualification cases under the Tenth Schedule, the Supreme Court has final authority through judicial review.
Correct answer is: Supreme Court
Q.20 In 2023, the SC ruled that states must establish Gram Nyayalayas. What is their main purpose?
Speedy justice at village level
Handling corporate cases
Overseeing constitutional amendments
Conducting elections
Explanation - Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008 provides for village courts to ensure affordable and speedy justice in rural areas.
Correct answer is: Speedy justice at village level
Q.21 Which 2023 SC judgment dealt with freebies promised by political parties?
Subramanian Swamy v. Election Commission
Freebies & Fiscal Responsibility Case
PUCL v. Union of India
Lily Thomas v. Union of India
Explanation - The SC in 2023 expressed concern over fiscal responsibility in election freebies but referred the matter to a larger bench.
Correct answer is: Freebies & Fiscal Responsibility Case
Q.22 Which Article gives the Supreme Court power to do complete justice?
Article 136
Article 137
Article 142
Article 145
Explanation - Article 142 empowers the SC to pass any decree or order necessary to do 'complete justice' in any case.
Correct answer is: Article 142
Q.23 Which tribunal was upheld by the SC as constitutional in 2020 despite challenges to its independence?
National Company Law Appellate Tribunal
Armed Forces Tribunal
Debt Recovery Tribunal
National Green Tribunal
Explanation - The SC upheld the constitutionality of the National Green Tribunal, highlighting its role in environmental justice.
Correct answer is: National Green Tribunal
Q.24 Which Article deals with 'Special Leave Petition' jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?
Article 132
Article 134
Article 136
Article 138
Explanation - Article 136 empowers the Supreme Court to grant Special Leave to appeal from any judgment, decree, or order of any court or tribunal.
Correct answer is: Article 136
Q.25 Which commission’s recommendations led to the setting up of the Lokpal and Lokayuktas?
Sarkaria Commission
Second ARC
Justice Verma Committee
Madhav Menon Committee
Explanation - The Second Administrative Reforms Commission strongly recommended setting up Lokpal and Lokayuktas to curb corruption.
Correct answer is: Second ARC