Q.1 Who is considered the father of developmental psychology?
Sigmund Freud
Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson
John Bowlby
Explanation - Jean Piaget is regarded as the father of developmental psychology due to his influential theories on cognitive development in children.
Correct answer is: Jean Piaget
Q.2 At what stage of Piaget’s theory do children develop object permanence?
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operational
Formal operational
Explanation - Object permanence, the understanding that objects exist even when not seen, develops during the sensorimotor stage (0-2 years).
Correct answer is: Sensorimotor
Q.3 Which developmental theorist proposed the psychosocial stages of development?
Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson
Lev Vygotsky
Sigmund Freud
Explanation - Erik Erikson created the psychosocial theory, outlining eight stages of development across the lifespan.
Correct answer is: Erik Erikson
Q.4 Which stage of Erikson’s psychosocial theory focuses on identity vs. role confusion?
Infancy
Adolescence
Early Childhood
Adulthood
Explanation - Adolescents struggle with identity vs. role confusion as they form a sense of self and future direction.
Correct answer is: Adolescence
Q.5 Lev Vygotsky emphasized the importance of what in child development?
Biological maturation
Unconscious drives
Social interaction
Genetic inheritance
Explanation - Vygotsky stressed that children learn through social interaction and guidance, leading to cognitive growth.
Correct answer is: Social interaction
Q.6 Which term refers to the gap between what a child can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance?
Cognitive schema
Zone of proximal development
Object permanence
Attachment bond
Explanation - Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development describes tasks children can perform with help but not yet alone.
Correct answer is: Zone of proximal development
Q.7 Which psychologist developed the attachment theory?
Erik Erikson
John Bowlby
Jean Piaget
Albert Bandura
Explanation - John Bowlby introduced attachment theory, emphasizing the bond between infant and caregiver.
Correct answer is: John Bowlby
Q.8 Mary Ainsworth’s ‘Strange Situation’ experiment studied what?
Cognitive growth
Attachment styles
Moral reasoning
Language development
Explanation - Ainsworth’s Strange Situation assessed how infants reacted to separation and reunion with caregivers, identifying attachment types.
Correct answer is: Attachment styles
Q.9 Which psychologist is known for social learning theory?
Jean Piaget
Albert Bandura
Lev Vygotsky
Erik Erikson
Explanation - Bandura emphasized learning through observation and imitation, shown in his Bobo doll experiment.
Correct answer is: Albert Bandura
Q.10 In Kohlberg’s theory, moral reasoning based on avoiding punishment belongs to which stage?
Preconventional
Conventional
Postconventional
Formal operational
Explanation - The preconventional stage involves moral decisions based on consequences, such as punishment or reward.
Correct answer is: Preconventional
Q.11 At what age do most children typically begin to speak their first words?
3 months
6 months
12 months
18 months
Explanation - Most children begin to say recognizable words around 12 months of age.
Correct answer is: 12 months
Q.12 Which Piaget stage is characterized by egocentrism and symbolic play?
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operational
Formal operational
Explanation - During the preoperational stage (2–7 years), children show egocentrism and use symbols in play.
Correct answer is: Preoperational
Q.13 According to Erikson, the main challenge in early adulthood is:
Trust vs. mistrust
Identity vs. role confusion
Intimacy vs. isolation
Generativity vs. stagnation
Explanation - In early adulthood, the focus is on forming close relationships versus feeling isolated.
Correct answer is: Intimacy vs. isolation
Q.14 Which stage of Piaget’s theory involves logical reasoning about concrete events?
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operational
Formal operational
Explanation - The concrete operational stage (7–11 years) allows logical thinking about tangible situations.
Correct answer is: Concrete operational
Q.15 Which developmental psychologist studied moral development using dilemmas?
Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson
Lawrence Kohlberg
John Bowlby
Explanation - Kohlberg explored moral development through hypothetical dilemmas like Heinz’s dilemma.
Correct answer is: Lawrence Kohlberg
Q.16 What does the term ‘critical period’ refer to?
The time children first speak
A sensitive time for development
A stage of adulthood
Periods of stress in life
Explanation - Critical periods are specific times when certain experiences strongly influence development, such as language acquisition.
Correct answer is: A sensitive time for development
Q.17 Which psychologist emphasized imitation in child development?
Albert Bandura
Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson
Sigmund Freud
Explanation - Bandura highlighted that children learn behaviors by observing and imitating others.
Correct answer is: Albert Bandura
Q.18 In Erikson’s theory, the stage of ‘Generativity vs. Stagnation’ occurs during:
Adolescence
Early adulthood
Middle adulthood
Late adulthood
Explanation - Middle adulthood focuses on contributing to society versus feeling unproductive.
Correct answer is: Middle adulthood
Q.19 Which term describes a child’s emotional bond with a caregiver?
Temperament
Attachment
Schema
Maturation
Explanation - Attachment refers to the emotional relationship formed between infants and caregivers.
Correct answer is: Attachment
Q.20 Who introduced the concept of classical conditioning in child behavior?
Ivan Pavlov
John Watson
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
Explanation - Watson applied Pavlov’s principles to humans, famously conditioning ‘Little Albert’.
Correct answer is: John Watson
Q.21 During which Piaget stage can adolescents think abstractly and hypothetically?
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operational
Formal operational
Explanation - The formal operational stage (12+ years) allows abstract and hypothetical reasoning.
Correct answer is: Formal operational
Q.22 According to Freud, which stage of psychosexual development occurs from ages 3–6?
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Explanation - The phallic stage (3–6 years) involves focus on genital awareness and family dynamics.
Correct answer is: Phallic
Q.23 What is the term for adjusting existing schemas to fit new information?
Assimilation
Accommodation
Equilibration
Habituation
Explanation - Accommodation is when existing mental structures change to incorporate new experiences.
Correct answer is: Accommodation
Q.24 Which concept did Piaget use to describe a mental framework for understanding the world?
Schema
Scaffold
Attachment
Imitation
Explanation - Schemas are mental structures that help organize and interpret information.
Correct answer is: Schema
Q.25 According to Erikson, the challenge in late adulthood is:
Integrity vs. despair
Trust vs. mistrust
Autonomy vs. shame
Initiative vs. guilt
Explanation - Late adulthood involves reflecting on one’s life, leading to integrity or despair.
Correct answer is: Integrity vs. despair