Q.1 What is the main difference between weather and climate?
Weather is short-term, climate is long-term
Weather is global, climate is local
Weather is predictable, climate is random
Weather is seasonal, climate is daily
Explanation - Weather refers to the atmospheric conditions over a short period, while climate describes the average weather patterns over a long time.
Correct answer is: Weather is short-term, climate is long-term
Q.2 Which instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure?
Thermometer
Barometer
Anemometer
Hygrometer
Explanation - A barometer is the scientific instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure, important for forecasting weather.
Correct answer is: Barometer
Q.3 What type of rainfall occurs when warm moist air rises over mountains?
Cyclonic rainfall
Orographic rainfall
Convectional rainfall
Frontal rainfall
Explanation - Orographic rainfall occurs when moist air is forced to rise over a mountain barrier, cooling and condensing into rain.
Correct answer is: Orographic rainfall
Q.4 Which gas in the atmosphere is most responsible for the greenhouse effect?
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Helium
Explanation - Carbon dioxide traps heat in the atmosphere and is the main contributor to the greenhouse effect and global warming.
Correct answer is: Carbon dioxide
Q.5 What is the boundary between two different air masses called?
Tropic
Equator
Front
Thermocline
Explanation - A front is the boundary separating two different air masses with distinct temperature and humidity characteristics.
Correct answer is: Front
Q.6 Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Exosphere
Explanation - The ozone layer, which protects life by absorbing harmful UV radiation, is located in the stratosphere.
Correct answer is: Stratosphere
Q.7 Which climate type is characterized by very little rainfall and high evaporation?
Tropical
Desert
Mediterranean
Temperate
Explanation - Desert climates are dry regions with little precipitation and high evaporation rates.
Correct answer is: Desert
Q.8 Which instrument measures wind speed?
Anemometer
Hygrometer
Barometer
Rain gauge
Explanation - An anemometer is the device used to measure wind speed, essential in meteorology.
Correct answer is: Anemometer
Q.9 What is the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)?
A dry desert region
A belt of low pressure near the equator
A cold polar front
A zone of permanent high pressure
Explanation - The ITCZ is a region near the equator where trade winds converge, causing low pressure and heavy rainfall.
Correct answer is: A belt of low pressure near the equator
Q.10 Which scale is used to classify hurricanes?
Richter scale
Fujita scale
Saffir-Simpson scale
Beaufort scale
Explanation - The Saffir-Simpson scale classifies hurricanes based on wind speed and potential damage.
Correct answer is: Saffir-Simpson scale
Q.11 What causes monsoons?
Rotation of the Earth
Seasonal reversal of winds
Ocean currents
Solar flares
Explanation - Monsoons are seasonal winds caused by the differential heating of land and sea.
Correct answer is: Seasonal reversal of winds
Q.12 Which climate type is found near the equator with heavy rainfall throughout the year?
Mediterranean
Tropical rainforest
Steppe
Polar
Explanation - Tropical rainforest climates are hot and humid with heavy rainfall throughout the year.
Correct answer is: Tropical rainforest
Q.13 Which wind system blows steadily towards the equator?
Trade winds
Westerlies
Polar easterlies
Monsoon winds
Explanation - Trade winds blow consistently from subtropical high-pressure areas toward the equator.
Correct answer is: Trade winds
Q.14 What is El Niño?
A type of cyclone
A warming of Pacific Ocean waters
A cold ocean current
A monsoon season
Explanation - El Niño is a climate phenomenon marked by the unusual warming of Pacific Ocean waters, impacting global weather.
Correct answer is: A warming of Pacific Ocean waters
Q.15 Which instrument measures humidity?
Thermometer
Barometer
Hygrometer
Rain gauge
Explanation - A hygrometer measures the amount of moisture (humidity) in the atmosphere.
Correct answer is: Hygrometer
Q.16 Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting climate?
Latitude
Altitude
Longitude
Ocean currents
Explanation - Longitude does not directly affect climate, while latitude, altitude, and ocean currents play major roles.
Correct answer is: Longitude
Q.17 What type of cloud is thin, wispy, and found at high altitudes?
Cumulus
Cirrus
Stratus
Nimbus
Explanation - Cirrus clouds are thin and wispy, appearing at high altitudes, often signaling fair weather.
Correct answer is: Cirrus
Q.18 Which ocean current warms the western coast of Europe?
Labrador Current
Gulf Stream
Canary Current
Peru Current
Explanation - The Gulf Stream is a warm Atlantic current that raises temperatures along Western Europe.
Correct answer is: Gulf Stream
Q.19 What is the average weather condition of a place over a long time called?
Climate
Season
Forecast
Weather
Explanation - Climate is the long-term average pattern of temperature, precipitation, and other atmospheric conditions.
Correct answer is: Climate
Q.20 Which winds blow from west to east in mid-latitudes?
Trade winds
Westerlies
Polar winds
Monsoon winds
Explanation - Westerlies are prevailing winds in mid-latitudes that blow from west to east.
Correct answer is: Westerlies
Q.21 What is the term for rainfall caused by the heating of the land surface?
Frontal rainfall
Convectional rainfall
Orographic rainfall
Cyclonic rainfall
Explanation - Convectional rainfall occurs when heated land causes air to rise, cool, and condense into rain.
Correct answer is: Convectional rainfall
Q.22 Which region is known as the 'world's driest desert'?
Sahara
Atacama
Gobi
Kalahari
Explanation - The Atacama Desert in Chile is the driest desert in the world, with some areas receiving almost no rain.
Correct answer is: Atacama
Q.23 What is the Beaufort scale used for?
Measuring earthquakes
Measuring wind force
Measuring rainfall
Measuring temperature
Explanation - The Beaufort scale measures wind force based on observed conditions at sea or on land.
Correct answer is: Measuring wind force
Q.24 Which of the following best describes a Mediterranean climate?
Hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters
Cold, dry winters and hot summers
Rainfall all year round
Cold and snowy all year
Explanation - Mediterranean climates are characterized by warm, dry summers and cool, wet winters.
Correct answer is: Hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters
Q.25 Which factor causes the formation of cyclones?
Low pressure and warm oceans
High pressure and cold oceans
Strong winds at poles
Weak winds near mountains
Explanation - Cyclones form over warm oceans where low pressure allows moist air to rise, creating spiraling storms.
Correct answer is: Low pressure and warm oceans