Q.1 What does the term 'urbanization' refer to?
Increase in rural population
Movement of people to cities
Decline of cities
Growth of forests in cities
Explanation - Urbanization is the process where an increasing proportion of a population lives in towns and cities, leading to their growth.
Correct answer is: Movement of people to cities
Q.2 Which of the following is a 'pull factor' for migration?
War
Famine
Job opportunities
Natural disasters
Explanation - Pull factors attract people to a new area, such as better employment opportunities, safety, or education.
Correct answer is: Job opportunities
Q.3 Which city is an example of rapid urbanization in Asia?
Mumbai
Cairo
Athens
Rio de Janeiro
Explanation - Mumbai, India, is one of the fastest growing megacities due to industrialization and rural-to-urban migration.
Correct answer is: Mumbai
Q.4 What is 'rural-urban migration'?
Movement from one city to another
Movement from rural areas to cities
Movement from cities to villages
Movement to foreign countries
Explanation - Rural-urban migration is when people leave villages in search of better opportunities in towns and cities.
Correct answer is: Movement from rural areas to cities
Q.5 Which of the following is NOT usually a cause of urbanization?
Industrial growth
Improved transport
Better education
Increase in desertification
Explanation - Urbanization is driven by economic and social factors, not by environmental degradation like desertification.
Correct answer is: Increase in desertification
Q.6 What is a 'megacity'?
City with more than 1 million people
City with more than 5 million people
City with more than 10 million people
Capital city of a country
Explanation - A megacity is defined as a city with a population exceeding 10 million.
Correct answer is: City with more than 10 million people
Q.7 Which factor often pushes people to migrate?
Good healthcare
Political stability
Unemployment
Cultural attractions
Explanation - Push factors drive people away from their home area, such as lack of jobs, wars, or poor living conditions.
Correct answer is: Unemployment
Q.8 Which of these cities is NOT a megacity?
Tokyo
New York
London
Shanghai
Explanation - London has a population under 10 million, so it is not classified as a megacity unlike Tokyo, New York, or Shanghai.
Correct answer is: London
Q.9 What is 'counter-urbanization'?
Migration from cities to rural areas
Migration from rural to urban areas
International migration
Seasonal migration
Explanation - Counter-urbanization is the movement of people from urban areas to rural areas, often due to congestion and high living costs in cities.
Correct answer is: Migration from cities to rural areas
Q.10 Which of the following is an effect of urbanization?
Decline in literacy rates
Growth of slums
Decrease in industries
Increase in rural farming
Explanation - Rapid urbanization often leads to overcrowded cities, resulting in the growth of informal settlements or slums.
Correct answer is: Growth of slums
Q.11 Which country has the largest urban population in the world?
USA
India
China
Brazil
Explanation - China has the largest urban population due to its massive overall population and rapid urban growth.
Correct answer is: China
Q.12 Seasonal migration often occurs due to:
Tourism
Agricultural work
Wars
Urban congestion
Explanation - Seasonal migration happens when people move temporarily for work such as farming or harvesting seasons.
Correct answer is: Agricultural work
Q.13 What does 'push-pull theory' explain?
Climate change
Population growth
Migration causes
Economic inflation
Explanation - The push-pull theory explains migration based on factors that push people away from their home and pull them toward new places.
Correct answer is: Migration causes
Q.14 Which of the following is a social impact of urbanization?
Soil erosion
Traffic congestion
Deforestation
Crop failure
Explanation - Urbanization leads to higher demand for transport, causing traffic congestion, unlike environmental impacts like soil erosion.
Correct answer is: Traffic congestion
Q.15 Why do many migrants move to cities in developing countries?
Better rural life
More jobs and services
Lower population density
More agricultural opportunities
Explanation - Migrants often move to cities in search of employment, education, and healthcare, which are limited in rural areas.
Correct answer is: More jobs and services
Q.16 Urban sprawl refers to:
Compact city growth
Uncontrolled expansion of cities
Decline of industries
Rural population growth
Explanation - Urban sprawl is the spread of cities into surrounding rural land without proper planning.
Correct answer is: Uncontrolled expansion of cities
Q.17 What is the main driver of urbanization during the Industrial Revolution?
Agriculture
Job opportunities in factories
Wars
Tourism
Explanation - The Industrial Revolution created factory jobs in cities, leading to large-scale rural-to-urban migration.
Correct answer is: Job opportunities in factories
Q.18 What is 'brain drain' in migration?
Loss of agricultural workers
Movement of skilled workers abroad
Movement of unskilled labor
Seasonal farming migration
Explanation - Brain drain occurs when educated and skilled individuals migrate to other countries for better opportunities.
Correct answer is: Movement of skilled workers abroad
Q.19 Which of these is NOT a common reason for rural-urban migration?
Poverty
Education opportunities
Better healthcare
Fresh air and quiet life
Explanation - Migrants usually move to cities for economic and social opportunities, not for peaceful environments.
Correct answer is: Fresh air and quiet life
Q.20 Which of these cities is the most populous urban area in the world?
New York
Tokyo
Mexico City
Beijing
Explanation - Tokyo, Japan, is the world's most populous urban agglomeration with over 37 million people.
Correct answer is: Tokyo
Q.21 What is the main cause of slum development in cities?
High literacy rate
Overpopulation and poverty
Planned housing policies
Decline in migration
Explanation - Slums form when rapid urban growth outpaces housing and infrastructure, especially among the poor.
Correct answer is: Overpopulation and poverty
Q.22 Which international organization monitors global urbanization trends?
WHO
UN-Habitat
IMF
WTO
Explanation - UN-Habitat is responsible for promoting sustainable urban development and monitoring urbanization worldwide.
Correct answer is: UN-Habitat
Q.23 What is 'chain migration'?
Seasonal agricultural migration
When migrants follow earlier migrants from the same origin
Moving for education purposes
Forced migration due to wars
Explanation - Chain migration occurs when migrants are influenced to move because relatives or community members already migrated.
Correct answer is: When migrants follow earlier migrants from the same origin
Q.24 Which continent has the fastest rate of urbanization today?
Europe
North America
Africa
Australia
Explanation - Africa currently has the highest rate of urbanization, though Asia has the largest urban population overall.
Correct answer is: Africa
Q.25 Which is an example of forced migration?
Moving for better jobs
Relocation due to war
Seeking education abroad
Family reunification
Explanation - Forced migration happens when people have no choice but to move, often due to wars, conflicts, or disasters.
Correct answer is: Relocation due to war