Q.1 What is the primary greenhouse gas responsible for climate change?
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Explanation - Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the most significant greenhouse gas produced by human activities, especially from burning fossil fuels.
Correct answer is: Carbon dioxide
Q.2 Which human activity contributes most to global CO₂ emissions?
Deforestation
Fossil fuel combustion
Agriculture
Plastic waste
Explanation - Burning coal, oil, and natural gas for energy is the largest source of human-caused CO₂ emissions.
Correct answer is: Fossil fuel combustion
Q.3 What is the greenhouse effect?
The trapping of heat by gases in Earth's atmosphere
The cooling of Earth's surface
The process of photosynthesis in plants
The reflection of sunlight by oceans
Explanation - Greenhouse gases trap infrared radiation, keeping Earth warmer than it would otherwise be.
Correct answer is: The trapping of heat by gases in Earth's atmosphere
Q.4 Which international agreement aims to limit global warming to below 2°C?
Kyoto Protocol
Paris Agreement
Montreal Protocol
Doha Amendment
Explanation - The 2015 Paris Agreement commits countries to limit warming to well below 2°C, ideally 1.5°C.
Correct answer is: Paris Agreement
Q.5 Which gas has the highest global warming potential (GWP)?
Methane
Nitrous oxide
Carbon dioxide
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Explanation - CFCs have a much higher GWP than CO₂, though they are less abundant.
Correct answer is: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Q.6 Which layer of the atmosphere contains most greenhouse gases?
Stratosphere
Troposphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Explanation - The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere and contains most of the greenhouse gases.
Correct answer is: Troposphere
Q.7 Which of the following is a renewable energy source that reduces greenhouse gas emissions?
Coal
Solar power
Petroleum
Natural gas
Explanation - Solar energy does not emit CO₂ and is a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels.
Correct answer is: Solar power
Q.8 Sea-level rise is primarily caused by which two factors?
Rainfall increase and river flooding
Ice sheet melting and thermal expansion of water
Earthquakes and tsunamis
Wind and ocean currents
Explanation - Melting glaciers add water to oceans, while warmer water expands, causing sea levels to rise.
Correct answer is: Ice sheet melting and thermal expansion of water
Q.9 Which of the following countries is most vulnerable to sea-level rise?
Nepal
Maldives
Switzerland
Mongolia
Explanation - The Maldives, being a low-lying island nation, faces severe risks from rising sea levels.
Correct answer is: Maldives
Q.10 What does IPCC stand for?
International Panel on Climate Change
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Institute for Policy on Climate Change
International Program for Climate Control
Explanation - The IPCC is a UN body that assesses the science related to climate change.
Correct answer is: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Q.11 Which gas is mainly responsible for ozone layer depletion, indirectly affecting climate change?
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Nitrogen dioxide
Explanation - CFCs damage the ozone layer and are potent greenhouse gases.
Correct answer is: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Q.12 Which of these is a consequence of global warming?
Stable sea levels
Increased ice cover
More extreme weather events
Decreased global temperatures
Explanation - Climate change increases the frequency of hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves.
Correct answer is: More extreme weather events
Q.13 Which natural process removes CO₂ from the atmosphere?
Respiration
Photosynthesis
Volcanic eruptions
Combustion
Explanation - Plants absorb CO₂ during photosynthesis, reducing greenhouse gas concentration.
Correct answer is: Photosynthesis
Q.14 Which fossil fuel emits the most CO₂ per unit of energy?
Natural gas
Coal
Oil
Peat
Explanation - Coal is the most carbon-intensive fossil fuel, releasing high amounts of CO₂.
Correct answer is: Coal
Q.15 Which region is warming faster than the global average?
The Sahara Desert
The Amazon Rainforest
The Arctic
The Himalayas
Explanation - The Arctic is experiencing rapid warming due to ice-albedo feedback.
Correct answer is: The Arctic
Q.16 What does 'carbon footprint' mean?
The amount of coal mined in a region
The measure of CO₂ emissions linked to human activities
The footprint left by cars on roads
The storage of carbon in forests
Explanation - A carbon footprint represents the total greenhouse gases emitted directly and indirectly by activities.
Correct answer is: The measure of CO₂ emissions linked to human activities
Q.17 Which renewable energy source uses wind turbines?
Solar energy
Hydropower
Wind energy
Geothermal energy
Explanation - Wind energy uses turbines to generate electricity without greenhouse gas emissions.
Correct answer is: Wind energy
Q.18 Which human activity is a major source of methane emissions?
Transportation
Rice cultivation
Burning oil
Deforestation
Explanation - Methane is released from flooded rice paddies due to anaerobic decomposition.
Correct answer is: Rice cultivation
Q.19 Which type of energy production is considered 'carbon neutral'?
Nuclear power
Biomass energy
Coal
Natural gas
Explanation - Biomass is considered carbon neutral because the CO₂ released is offset by the CO₂ absorbed during plant growth.
Correct answer is: Biomass energy
Q.20 Which ocean current system helps regulate Earth’s climate?
El Niño
Thermohaline circulation
Monsoon winds
Jet streams
Explanation - The global ocean conveyor belt redistributes heat, influencing climate systems worldwide.
Correct answer is: Thermohaline circulation
Q.21 Which sector is the largest contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions?
Agriculture
Industry
Transportation
Energy production
Explanation - Electricity and heat production from fossil fuels are the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions.
Correct answer is: Energy production
Q.22 What does climate change mitigation mean?
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
Adapting to climate impacts
Studying past climates
Planting seasonal crops
Explanation - Mitigation refers to actions that reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases.
Correct answer is: Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
Q.23 Which is an adaptation strategy for climate change?
Switching to renewable energy
Building sea walls
Reducing fossil fuel use
Carbon taxation
Explanation - Adaptation involves adjusting to the effects of climate change, like sea walls protecting from rising seas.
Correct answer is: Building sea walls
Q.24 Which gas traps heat more effectively than CO₂ but is less abundant?
Methane
Oxygen
Argon
Nitrogen
Explanation - Methane has a stronger heat-trapping ability than CO₂, but is present in smaller quantities.
Correct answer is: Methane
Q.25 Which of the following best describes 'climate refugees'?
People displaced by wars
People displaced by environmental changes due to climate change
People moving for better jobs
People migrating due to education
Explanation - Climate refugees are forced to leave their homes because of rising seas, droughts, or extreme weather events.
Correct answer is: People displaced by environmental changes due to climate change