Q.1 What does archaeology primarily study?
Fossil fuels
Ancient human cultures
Modern technology
Weather patterns
Explanation - Archaeology is the study of past human cultures through material remains such as tools, pottery, and structures.
Correct answer is: Ancient human cultures
Q.2 What is the main tool used by archaeologists to carefully remove soil around artifacts?
Hammer
Brush
Drill
Chisel
Explanation - Brushes allow archaeologists to gently remove soil without damaging fragile artifacts.
Correct answer is: Brush
Q.3 Which term refers to the layer of soil where artifacts are found?
Strata
Plateau
Delta
Core
Explanation - Strata are layers of soil that help archaeologists determine the relative age of artifacts.
Correct answer is: Strata
Q.4 Who is often called the 'Father of Archaeology'?
Heinrich Schliemann
Louis Leakey
Flinders Petrie
Howard Carter
Explanation - Flinders Petrie is considered the father of modern scientific archaeology for introducing systematic methods.
Correct answer is: Flinders Petrie
Q.5 Which technique is used to determine the absolute age of organic materials?
Dendrochronology
Carbon-14 dating
Thermoluminescence
Stratigraphy
Explanation - Carbon-14 dating measures radioactive decay in organic remains to estimate their age.
Correct answer is: Carbon-14 dating
Q.6 What is an artifact?
A natural rock
An ancient tool or object made by humans
A fossilized bone
A mineral crystal
Explanation - Artifacts are human-made objects that provide evidence of cultural practices.
Correct answer is: An ancient tool or object made by humans
Q.7 Which famous discovery was made by Howard Carter in 1922?
Machu Picchu
Stonehenge
Tutankhamun’s tomb
Terracotta Army
Explanation - Howard Carter discovered the nearly intact tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun in Egypt.
Correct answer is: Tutankhamun’s tomb
Q.8 What does stratigraphy help archaeologists understand?
Tool design
Cultural evolution
Relative dating of layers
Climate patterns
Explanation - Stratigraphy examines soil layers to determine the sequence of human activity.
Correct answer is: Relative dating of layers
Q.9 What is the study of ancient plant remains called?
Paleobotany
Paleontology
Anthropology
Geology
Explanation - Paleobotany examines preserved plant remains to reconstruct ancient environments.
Correct answer is: Paleobotany
Q.10 The Rosetta Stone was key to deciphering which ancient script?
Cuneiform
Hieroglyphics
Sanskrit
Mayan glyphs
Explanation - The Rosetta Stone contained Greek and Egyptian texts, allowing hieroglyphics to be deciphered.
Correct answer is: Hieroglyphics
Q.11 Which site is considered the world’s oldest known temple complex?
Stonehenge
Göbekli Tepe
Mohenjo-Daro
Great Pyramid of Giza
Explanation - Göbekli Tepe in Turkey dates to around 9600 BCE and is the oldest known temple complex.
Correct answer is: Göbekli Tepe
Q.12 What does 'excavation' mean in archaeology?
Studying fossils
Digging systematically for remains
Preserving artifacts
Analyzing DNA
Explanation - Excavation is the controlled digging of sites to uncover artifacts and structures.
Correct answer is: Digging systematically for remains
Q.13 Which civilization built Machu Picchu?
Aztec
Maya
Inca
Olmec
Explanation - Machu Picchu was built by the Inca civilization in the 15th century.
Correct answer is: Inca
Q.14 What is an ecofact?
A tool made of stone
A natural remain like seeds or bones
A pottery fragment
A metal weapon
Explanation - Ecofacts are natural remains that provide evidence of past environments and diets.
Correct answer is: A natural remain like seeds or bones
Q.15 What is dendrochronology based on?
Tree rings
Volcanic ash layers
Stone tool marks
Fossil records
Explanation - Dendrochronology uses tree ring growth patterns to determine age and climate conditions.
Correct answer is: Tree rings
Q.16 What does the term 'prehistoric' mean?
Before the use of fire
Before written records
Before farming
Before cities
Explanation - Prehistoric times refer to periods before humans developed writing systems.
Correct answer is: Before written records
Q.17 Which site is famous for its large stone statues called moai?
Stonehenge
Easter Island
Angkor Wat
Great Zimbabwe
Explanation - Easter Island is known for its giant moai statues carved by the Rapa Nui people.
Correct answer is: Easter Island
Q.18 Which branch of archaeology studies human remains?
Zooarchaeology
Bioarchaeology
Ethnoarchaeology
Geoarchaeology
Explanation - Bioarchaeology focuses on the study of human skeletal remains to understand health and lifestyle.
Correct answer is: Bioarchaeology
Q.19 What is a midden?
A burial ground
A refuse heap
A ceremonial site
A storage pit
Explanation - Middens are ancient trash heaps that provide information about diet and daily life.
Correct answer is: A refuse heap
Q.20 The Terracotta Army was discovered in which country?
India
China
Japan
Mongolia
Explanation - The Terracotta Army was built for the tomb of China's first emperor, Qin Shi Huang.
Correct answer is: China
Q.21 Which ancient city was destroyed by Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE?
Athens
Pompeii
Carthage
Rome
Explanation - The eruption of Mount Vesuvius buried Pompeii, preserving buildings and artifacts.
Correct answer is: Pompeii
Q.22 What is typology in archaeology?
Study of soil layers
Classification of artifacts
Dating fossils
Mapping excavation sites
Explanation - Typology is the systematic classification of artifacts based on their characteristics.
Correct answer is: Classification of artifacts
Q.23 Which method is best for dating pottery fragments?
Radiocarbon dating
Thermoluminescence dating
Dendrochronology
DNA analysis
Explanation - Thermoluminescence dating measures trapped electrons in pottery to estimate its age.
Correct answer is: Thermoluminescence dating
Q.24 Which term refers to the study of animal remains at archaeological sites?
Zooarchaeology
Ethnoarchaeology
Geoarchaeology
Bioarchaeology
Explanation - Zooarchaeology examines animal bones to understand human diets and economies.
Correct answer is: Zooarchaeology
Q.25 What is experimental archaeology?
Testing ancient tools by recreating them
Studying chemical soil tests
Analyzing genetic data
Exploring caves
Explanation - Experimental archaeology recreates past technologies to understand how they worked.
Correct answer is: Testing ancient tools by recreating them