Q.1 Who is known as the father of modern physics?
Isaac Newton
Albert Einstein
Galileo Galilei
Niels Bohr
Explanation - Albert Einstein is considered the father of modern physics because of his revolutionary contributions like the theory of relativity.
Correct answer is: Albert Einstein
Q.2 Who discovered penicillin, the first true antibiotic?
Louis Pasteur
Alexander Fleming
Robert Koch
Joseph Lister
Explanation - Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928, which became the first widely used antibiotic.
Correct answer is: Alexander Fleming
Q.3 Who proposed the law of universal gravitation?
Albert Einstein
Isaac Newton
Galileo Galilei
Nicolaus Copernicus
Explanation - Isaac Newton proposed the law of universal gravitation in 1687 in his work 'Principia Mathematica'.
Correct answer is: Isaac Newton
Q.4 Who is known as the father of microbiology?
Louis Pasteur
Robert Koch
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Joseph Lister
Explanation - Louis Pasteur made crucial discoveries in germ theory and pasteurization, earning him the title 'Father of Microbiology'.
Correct answer is: Louis Pasteur
Q.5 Which scientist discovered radioactivity?
Marie Curie
Henri Becquerel
Ernest Rutherford
James Chadwick
Explanation - Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity in 1896 while working with phosphorescent materials.
Correct answer is: Henri Becquerel
Q.6 Who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection?
Charles Darwin
Gregor Mendel
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Alfred Wallace
Explanation - Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection in his 1859 book 'On the Origin of Species'.
Correct answer is: Charles Darwin
Q.7 Who invented the telephone?
Alexander Graham Bell
Thomas Edison
Nikola Tesla
Michael Faraday
Explanation - Alexander Graham Bell was awarded the first US patent for the invention of the telephone in 1876.
Correct answer is: Alexander Graham Bell
Q.8 Who is considered the father of modern chemistry?
Dmitri Mendeleev
Antoine Lavoisier
John Dalton
Robert Boyle
Explanation - Antoine Lavoisier is known as the father of modern chemistry due to his role in naming oxygen and hydrogen, and developing the law of conservation of mass.
Correct answer is: Antoine Lavoisier
Q.9 Who discovered insulin?
Frederick Banting and Charles Best
Louis Pasteur
Marie Curie
Edward Jenner
Explanation - Frederick Banting and Charles Best discovered insulin in 1921, revolutionizing the treatment of diabetes.
Correct answer is: Frederick Banting and Charles Best
Q.10 Who invented the light bulb?
Nikola Tesla
Thomas Edison
Michael Faraday
James Watt
Explanation - Though others had early versions, Thomas Edison perfected and popularized the practical light bulb in 1879.
Correct answer is: Thomas Edison
Q.11 Who is credited with discovering the electron?
Ernest Rutherford
J.J. Thomson
James Chadwick
Max Planck
Explanation - J.J. Thomson discovered the electron in 1897 through his cathode ray experiments.
Correct answer is: J.J. Thomson
Q.12 Who is known for the periodic table of elements?
John Dalton
Dmitri Mendeleev
Marie Curie
Linus Pauling
Explanation - Dmitri Mendeleev created the first widely recognized periodic table of elements in 1869.
Correct answer is: Dmitri Mendeleev
Q.13 Who invented the first successful airplane?
Wright brothers
Thomas Edison
Henry Ford
Nikola Tesla
Explanation - Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully flew the first powered airplane in 1903.
Correct answer is: Wright brothers
Q.14 Who discovered the circulation of blood in the human body?
Hippocrates
William Harvey
Andreas Vesalius
Claudius Galen
Explanation - William Harvey discovered the circulation of blood and the role of the heart as a pump in 1628.
Correct answer is: William Harvey
Q.15 Who discovered the neutron?
Ernest Rutherford
James Chadwick
Niels Bohr
Albert Einstein
Explanation - James Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932, which was crucial for nuclear physics.
Correct answer is: James Chadwick
Q.16 Who is known as the father of genetics?
Gregor Mendel
Charles Darwin
Francis Crick
Rosalind Franklin
Explanation - Gregor Mendel's pea plant experiments laid the foundation for modern genetics.
Correct answer is: Gregor Mendel
Q.17 Who discovered the structure of DNA?
James Watson and Francis Crick
Charles Darwin
Gregor Mendel
Erwin Chargaff
Explanation - In 1953, Watson and Crick proposed the double helix structure of DNA, supported by Rosalind Franklin's X-ray images.
Correct answer is: James Watson and Francis Crick
Q.18 Who developed the laws of motion?
Albert Einstein
Galileo Galilei
Isaac Newton
Nikola Tesla
Explanation - Isaac Newton formulated the three laws of motion that describe the relationship between a body and the forces acting on it.
Correct answer is: Isaac Newton
Q.19 Who is known as the father of nuclear physics?
James Chadwick
Enrico Fermi
Ernest Rutherford
Niels Bohr
Explanation - Ernest Rutherford is considered the father of nuclear physics for his discovery of the nucleus and nuclear reactions.
Correct answer is: Ernest Rutherford
Q.20 Who discovered X-rays?
Wilhelm Roentgen
Marie Curie
Niels Bohr
Max Planck
Explanation - Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays in 1895, revolutionizing medical imaging.
Correct answer is: Wilhelm Roentgen
Q.21 Who invented dynamite?
Alfred Nobel
Michael Faraday
Robert Boyle
Thomas Edison
Explanation - Alfred Nobel invented dynamite in 1867 and later established the Nobel Prizes.
Correct answer is: Alfred Nobel
Q.22 Who first proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system?
Ptolemy
Nicolaus Copernicus
Galileo Galilei
Johannes Kepler
Explanation - Nicolaus Copernicus proposed the heliocentric theory, placing the Sun at the center of the solar system.
Correct answer is: Nicolaus Copernicus
Q.23 Who invented the World Wide Web?
Bill Gates
Tim Berners-Lee
Steve Jobs
Larry Page
Explanation - Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989, enabling global internet access.
Correct answer is: Tim Berners-Lee
Q.24 Who discovered vaccines for rabies and anthrax?
Louis Pasteur
Edward Jenner
Robert Koch
Alexander Fleming
Explanation - Louis Pasteur developed vaccines for rabies and anthrax, advancing immunology.
Correct answer is: Louis Pasteur
Q.25 Who discovered the polio vaccine?
Louis Pasteur
Alexander Fleming
Jonas Salk
Edward Jenner
Explanation - Jonas Salk developed the first effective polio vaccine in 1955.
Correct answer is: Jonas Salk