Q.1 Which gas is primarily responsible for global warming?
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Nitrogen
Helium
Explanation - Carbon dioxide traps heat in the atmosphere, contributing significantly to global warming.
Correct answer is: Carbon Dioxide
Q.2 What is the main cause of the ozone layer depletion?
Carbon emissions
CFCs
Sulfur dioxide
Nitrogen oxides
Explanation - Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) release chlorine atoms that destroy ozone molecules in the stratosphere.
Correct answer is: CFCs
Q.3 Which renewable energy source uses moving air to generate electricity?
Solar power
Geothermal power
Wind power
Hydropower
Explanation - Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of moving air into electricity.
Correct answer is: Wind power
Q.4 Deforestation leads to which of the following major problems?
Soil erosion
More rainfall
Increased biodiversity
Less carbon dioxide
Explanation - Tree roots stabilize soil; cutting trees causes soil to be washed away more easily.
Correct answer is: Soil erosion
Q.5 Which of these is a non-renewable energy source?
Solar
Coal
Wind
Hydropower
Explanation - Coal is finite and cannot be replenished quickly, unlike renewable resources.
Correct answer is: Coal
Q.6 Acid rain is primarily caused by the emission of which gases?
Methane and carbon dioxide
Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
Oxygen and ozone
Hydrogen and helium
Explanation - When these gases react with water vapor, they form acids that fall as rain.
Correct answer is: Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
Q.7 What does 'biodegradable' mean?
Can be burned
Can decompose naturally
Cannot be recycled
Made from plastic
Explanation - Biodegradable materials break down naturally by the action of microorganisms.
Correct answer is: Can decompose naturally
Q.8 Which of the following is the largest source of freshwater on Earth?
Rivers
Groundwater
Lakes
Glaciers and ice caps
Explanation - Most freshwater is locked in glaciers and ice caps, not in rivers or lakes.
Correct answer is: Glaciers and ice caps
Q.9 Which process converts sunlight into chemical energy in plants?
Respiration
Photosynthesis
Transpiration
Combustion
Explanation - Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose using sunlight.
Correct answer is: Photosynthesis
Q.10 Which environmental problem is caused by excessive greenhouse gases?
Global warming
Acid rain
Deforestation
Ozone depletion
Explanation - Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to rising global temperatures.
Correct answer is: Global warming
Q.11 What does 'sustainable development' mean?
Using resources without any restrictions
Development that meets present needs without harming future generations
Focusing only on economic growth
Development that avoids renewable energy
Explanation - Sustainability balances present development with resource availability for the future.
Correct answer is: Development that meets present needs without harming future generations
Q.12 Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Exosphere
Explanation - The ozone layer lies in the stratosphere and protects us from harmful UV radiation.
Correct answer is: Stratosphere
Q.13 What is the main source of energy for Earth’s climate system?
The Moon
The Sun
Volcanoes
The Earth's core
Explanation - The Sun provides energy that drives weather, climate, and life processes.
Correct answer is: The Sun
Q.14 Which of these is an example of an invasive species?
Bengal Tiger
Kudzu Vine
Elephant
Penguin
Explanation - Invasive species like Kudzu spread rapidly, outcompeting native plants and animals.
Correct answer is: Kudzu Vine
Q.15 Which practice helps in water conservation?
Deforestation
Over-irrigation
Rainwater harvesting
Industrial pollution
Explanation - Rainwater harvesting collects and stores rainwater for later use, conserving water.
Correct answer is: Rainwater harvesting
Q.16 Which type of pollution is caused by excessive use of fertilizers?
Air pollution
Noise pollution
Water pollution
Thermal pollution
Explanation - Fertilizer runoff enters rivers and lakes, polluting water bodies and harming ecosystems.
Correct answer is: Water pollution
Q.17 Which of these is an example of a fossil fuel?
Coal
Wood
Solar power
Wind power
Explanation - Coal is a fossil fuel formed from ancient plant matter under pressure over millions of years.
Correct answer is: Coal
Q.18 What is the main cause of coral reef bleaching?
Oil spills
Overfishing
Rising sea temperatures
Plastic waste
Explanation - Corals expel algae when stressed by heat, causing them to turn white (bleaching).
Correct answer is: Rising sea temperatures
Q.19 Which gas do plants release during photosynthesis?
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Nitrogen
Explanation - Plants release oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis, essential for animal life.
Correct answer is: Oxygen
Q.20 Which type of energy is obtained from Earth’s internal heat?
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Explanation - Geothermal energy uses heat from the Earth’s interior to generate power.
Correct answer is: Geothermal
Q.21 Which human activity contributes most to deforestation?
Urbanization
Industrialization
Logging and agriculture
Fishing
Explanation - Trees are cut for timber and land is cleared for farming, causing large-scale deforestation.
Correct answer is: Logging and agriculture
Q.22 What is the process of converting waste materials into reusable objects?
Recycling
Combustion
Composting
Incineration
Explanation - Recycling reduces waste by converting materials into new usable products.
Correct answer is: Recycling
Q.23 Which is the most abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere?
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Water vapor
Ozone
Explanation - Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas, though human impact increases CO2 and methane.
Correct answer is: Water vapor
Q.24 Which environmental agreement focuses on reducing greenhouse gas emissions?
Montreal Protocol
Kyoto Protocol
Geneva Convention
Basel Convention
Explanation - The Kyoto Protocol (1997) aimed at reducing global greenhouse gas emissions.
Correct answer is: Kyoto Protocol
Q.25 What is the main cause of desertification?
Overgrazing and deforestation
Earthquakes
Floods
Volcanic eruptions
Explanation - Unsustainable land use removes vegetation cover, leading to soil degradation and desertification.
Correct answer is: Overgrazing and deforestation