Q.1 Who is considered the father of genetics?
Charles Darwin
Gregor Mendel
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Francis Crick
Explanation - Gregor Mendel is considered the father of genetics for his experiments with pea plants, which revealed the basic principles of heredity.
Correct answer is: Gregor Mendel
Q.2 Which of the following represents a genotype?
Tall plant
Short plant
TT
Green seed
Explanation - Genotype refers to the genetic makeup, such as TT, while phenotype refers to the observable trait, like tall plant.
Correct answer is: TT
Q.3 DNA is made up of repeating units called:
Amino acids
Nucleotides
Fatty acids
Monosaccharides
Explanation - DNA is composed of nucleotides, each consisting of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.
Correct answer is: Nucleotides
Q.4 Which base is NOT found in RNA?
Uracil
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Explanation - RNA contains uracil instead of thymine, which is found in DNA.
Correct answer is: Thymine
Q.5 In Mendel’s dihybrid cross, the phenotypic ratio obtained was:
9:3:3:1
3:1
1:2:1
2:1
Explanation - Mendel’s dihybrid cross between two heterozygotes produced a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio.
Correct answer is: 9:3:3:1
Q.6 Which of the following is an example of codominance?
Pink flowers in snapdragon
AB blood group
Sickle cell anemia
Height in humans
Explanation - In AB blood group, both A and B alleles are expressed equally, showing codominance.
Correct answer is: AB blood group
Q.7 Who proposed the theory of natural selection?
Gregor Mendel
Charles Darwin
Alfred Wallace
Lamarck
Explanation - Charles Darwin proposed natural selection as the mechanism of evolution.
Correct answer is: Charles Darwin
Q.8 Which type of mutation involves a change in a single nucleotide base?
Frame-shift mutation
Point mutation
Chromosomal mutation
Duplication mutation
Explanation - Point mutations affect a single nucleotide base in the DNA sequence.
Correct answer is: Point mutation
Q.9 Which scientist discovered the structure of DNA along with Watson?
Mendel
Darwin
Crick
Franklin
Explanation - James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the double helix structure of DNA in 1953.
Correct answer is: Crick
Q.10 The physical expression of a gene is called:
Genotype
Phenotype
Allele
Locus
Explanation - Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics expressed by a genotype.
Correct answer is: Phenotype
Q.11 Which law states that alleles of different genes assort independently?
Law of segregation
Law of dominance
Law of independent assortment
Theory of evolution
Explanation - Mendel’s law of independent assortment states that alleles of different traits segregate independently during gamete formation.
Correct answer is: Law of independent assortment
Q.12 Which of the following is an example of sex-linked inheritance?
Blood group
Color blindness
Skin color
Height
Explanation - Color blindness is an X-linked recessive disorder, hence inherited as a sex-linked trait.
Correct answer is: Color blindness
Q.13 Which of these is NOT a nitrogenous base in DNA?
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil
Explanation - Uracil is present in RNA, not in DNA.
Correct answer is: Uracil
Q.14 Which process produces gametes?
Mitosis
Meiosis
Binary fission
Budding
Explanation - Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half, producing haploid gametes.
Correct answer is: Meiosis
Q.15 What is the term for different forms of a gene?
Loci
Alleles
Genotype
Phenotype
Explanation - Different forms of a gene are called alleles, such as dominant and recessive forms.
Correct answer is: Alleles
Q.16 Which evolutionary concept was proposed by Lamarck?
Natural selection
Inheritance of acquired characters
Genetic drift
Mutation theory
Explanation - Lamarck suggested that acquired traits during lifetime can be passed on to offspring.
Correct answer is: Inheritance of acquired characters
Q.17 Which molecules carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes?
tRNA
mRNA
rRNA
DNA polymerase
Explanation - Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
Correct answer is: mRNA
Q.18 Which scientist worked with X-ray diffraction that helped reveal DNA’s structure?
Rosalind Franklin
Gregor Mendel
Charles Darwin
Lamarck
Explanation - Rosalind Franklin’s X-ray diffraction images provided crucial evidence for DNA’s helical structure.
Correct answer is: Rosalind Franklin
Q.19 What is genetic drift?
Sudden change in allele frequency due to chance
Transfer of genes between populations
Mutation of DNA
Selective advantage of traits
Explanation - Genetic drift is a random change in allele frequencies, especially in small populations.
Correct answer is: Sudden change in allele frequency due to chance
Q.20 Which organelle contains its own DNA and can replicate independently?
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Explanation - Mitochondria contain their own circular DNA and can replicate independently of the cell nucleus.
Correct answer is: Mitochondria
Q.21 Which type of selection favors the average phenotype?
Directional selection
Stabilizing selection
Disruptive selection
Artificial selection
Explanation - Stabilizing selection favors intermediate phenotypes and reduces variation in a population.
Correct answer is: Stabilizing selection
Q.22 Which technique is used to amplify DNA sequences?
Gel electrophoresis
PCR
DNA sequencing
Cloning
Explanation - Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplifies specific DNA sequences rapidly.
Correct answer is: PCR
Q.23 What is the chromosomal abnormality in Down syndrome?
Trisomy 21
Trisomy 18
Monosomy X
Trisomy 13
Explanation - Down syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome 21, known as trisomy 21.
Correct answer is: Trisomy 21
Q.24 Which of these is an example of artificial selection?
Natural resistance to diseases
Breeding dogs for specific traits
Camouflage in animals
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria
Explanation - Artificial selection involves humans breeding organisms for desired traits, such as dog breeding.
Correct answer is: Breeding dogs for specific traits
Q.25 The term 'survival of the fittest' was coined by:
Darwin
Herbert Spencer
Wallace
Lamarck
Explanation - Although linked to Darwin’s theory, the phrase 'survival of the fittest' was coined by philosopher Herbert Spencer.
Correct answer is: Herbert Spencer