Q.1 Which pigment is primarily responsible for photosynthesis in plants?
Chlorophyll
Carotene
Xanthophyll
Anthocyanin
Explanation - Chlorophyll absorbs light energy, mainly in the blue and red regions, and converts it into chemical energy for photosynthesis.
Correct answer is: Chlorophyll
Q.2 Which part of the plant conducts water from roots to other parts?
Phloem
Xylem
Cambium
Epidermis
Explanation - Xylem is the vascular tissue responsible for transporting water and minerals upward from roots to shoots and leaves.
Correct answer is: Xylem
Q.3 The process by which green plants make their food is called?
Respiration
Transpiration
Photosynthesis
Fermentation
Explanation - Photosynthesis is the process in which plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to prepare glucose and release oxygen.
Correct answer is: Photosynthesis
Q.4 Which tissue is responsible for transporting food in plants?
Xylem
Phloem
Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Explanation - Phloem transports organic food materials, mainly sucrose, from leaves to other parts of the plant.
Correct answer is: Phloem
Q.5 What is the primary function of stomata?
Absorption of water
Exchange of gases
Transport of nutrients
Storage of food
Explanation - Stomata are tiny pores on leaves that allow the exchange of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide and also regulate transpiration.
Correct answer is: Exchange of gases
Q.6 Which part of the seed develops into a root?
Plumule
Radicle
Cotyledon
Endosperm
Explanation - The radicle is the embryonic root that grows downward into the soil and develops into the primary root of the plant.
Correct answer is: Radicle
Q.7 Which plant hormone is responsible for cell elongation?
Auxin
Cytokinin
Gibberellin
Abscisic acid
Explanation - Auxins promote elongation of cells in shoots and play a key role in phototropism and gravitropism.
Correct answer is: Auxin
Q.8 Which of the following is a non-flowering plant?
Rose
Mango
Fern
Sunflower
Explanation - Ferns are pteridophytes, which reproduce via spores and do not produce flowers or seeds.
Correct answer is: Fern
Q.9 The study of fungi is called?
Phycology
Mycology
Bryology
Paleobotany
Explanation - Mycology is the branch of biology that deals with the study of fungi, including mushrooms, molds, and yeasts.
Correct answer is: Mycology
Q.10 Which gas is released during photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Explanation - Oxygen is released as a by-product when water molecules are split during photosynthesis.
Correct answer is: Oxygen
Q.11 Which of the following is a xerophyte?
Mango
Cactus
Rice
Lotus
Explanation - Xerophytes like cactus are adapted to survive in dry conditions with reduced leaves and thick stems for water storage.
Correct answer is: Cactus
Q.12 Double fertilization is a characteristic feature of?
Gymnosperms
Algae
Angiosperms
Bryophytes
Explanation - In angiosperms, one male gamete fuses with the egg (zygote formation) and another with the polar nuclei (endosperm formation).
Correct answer is: Angiosperms
Q.13 Which of the following is a bryophyte?
Moss
Fern
Pine
Neem
Explanation - Mosses are bryophytes, non-vascular plants that require water for reproduction.
Correct answer is: Moss
Q.14 The green color of plants is due to?
Chlorophyll
Carotenoids
Xanthophylls
Anthocyanins
Explanation - Chlorophyll pigments absorb red and blue light but reflect green, giving plants their characteristic color.
Correct answer is: Chlorophyll
Q.15 Which tissue provides mechanical support to plants?
Collenchyma
Parenchyma
Phloem
Epidermis
Explanation - Collenchyma cells have thickened corners that provide flexibility and mechanical support to plant organs.
Correct answer is: Collenchyma
Q.16 The process of losing water vapor from the aerial parts of a plant is called?
Osmosis
Respiration
Transpiration
Evaporation
Explanation - Transpiration is the process of water loss in the form of vapor from the stomata, lenticels, and cuticle.
Correct answer is: Transpiration
Q.17 Which plant is known as a living fossil?
Cycas
Ficus
Pinus
Mango
Explanation - Cycas is called a living fossil because it shows both primitive and modern characteristics of gymnosperms.
Correct answer is: Cycas
Q.18 Which is the female reproductive organ in a flower?
Stamen
Carpel
Anther
Sepal
Explanation - The carpel (or pistil) consists of stigma, style, and ovary, and is the female reproductive organ in flowering plants.
Correct answer is: Carpel
Q.19 Which plants bear naked seeds?
Angiosperms
Gymnosperms
Bryophytes
Pteridophytes
Explanation - Gymnosperms produce seeds that are not enclosed within fruits, hence called naked seeds.
Correct answer is: Gymnosperms
Q.20 The term 'annual plant' refers to a plant that?
Lives for one season
Lives for one year
Lives for two years
Lives indefinitely
Explanation - Annual plants complete their life cycle, from germination to seed production, within a single year.
Correct answer is: Lives for one year
Q.21 Which of the following is a parasitic plant?
Cuscuta
Mango
Neem
Pea
Explanation - Cuscuta (dodder) is a parasitic plant that lacks chlorophyll and absorbs nutrients from the host plant.
Correct answer is: Cuscuta
Q.22 The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane is called?
Diffusion
Osmosis
Active transport
Plasmolysis
Explanation - Osmosis is the passive movement of water molecules from low solute concentration to high solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane.
Correct answer is: Osmosis
Q.23 Which part of the plant becomes the fruit after fertilization?
Ovule
Ovary
Stigma
Style
Explanation - After fertilization, the ovary of the flower develops into a fruit, while ovules develop into seeds.
Correct answer is: Ovary
Q.24 Which is the largest family of angiosperms?
Poaceae
Orchidaceae
Fabaceae
Asteraceae
Explanation - Orchidaceae (orchid family) is the largest family of flowering plants, with over 25,000 species.
Correct answer is: Orchidaceae
Q.25 The term 'dicotyledon' refers to plants having?
One cotyledon
Two cotyledons
Three cotyledons
No cotyledon
Explanation - Dicots are plants whose seeds contain two cotyledons, which store food for the developing embryo.
Correct answer is: Two cotyledons