Q.1 Which concept best describes the idea that gender is constructed through repeated social performances rather than being a fixed biological essence?
Gender essentialism based on biology
Gender performativity through repeated acts
Genetic determinism in identity formation
Hormonal causation of gender identity
Explanation - Gender performativity theory suggests that gender is not an innate quality but is continuously produced and reproduced through repeated social behaviors, norms, and performances.
Correct answer is: Gender performativity through repeated acts
Q.2 In sociological studies of gender, which term refers to the unequal distribution of power and resources based on socially constructed gender roles?
Gender symmetry in social systems
Gender stratification in institutions
Biological differentiation of sexes
Psychological gender identity mapping
Explanation - Gender stratification refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals based on gender, leading to unequal access to resources and power.
Correct answer is: Gender stratification in institutions
Q.3 Which framework emphasizes that gender inequality is reproduced through everyday interactions and institutional practices?
Structural functionalism in sociology
Symbolic interactionism perspective
Conflict theory of stratification
Evolutionary psychology model
Explanation - Symbolic interactionism focuses on micro-level interactions and how meanings attached to gender roles are constructed and reinforced in daily life.
Correct answer is: Symbolic interactionism perspective
Q.4 What term describes the expectation that individuals conform to culturally defined roles associated with their assigned sex at birth?
Gender role socialization process
Genetic role inheritance pattern
Hormonal behavior alignment theory
Neurological role imprinting model
Explanation - Gender role socialization refers to the process by which individuals learn and internalize societal expectations associated with their assigned sex.
Correct answer is: Gender role socialization process
Q.5 Which sociological concept highlights the invisibility of male privilege in gendered social structures?
Patriarchal neutrality assumption
Hegemonic masculinity framework
Biological sex dominance theory
Gender equilibrium hypothesis
Explanation - Hegemonic masculinity refers to culturally dominant ideals of masculinity that reinforce male dominance and render privilege invisible.
Correct answer is: Hegemonic masculinity framework
Q.6 In gender studies, what does 'intersectionality' primarily examine?
Interaction of hormones and genetics in behavior
Overlap of multiple social identities and oppression systems
Intersection of urban and rural gender norms
Comparison of male and female cognitive abilities
Explanation - Intersectionality examines how multiple identities such as gender, race, class, and sexuality interact to produce unique experiences of oppression or privilege.
Correct answer is: Overlap of multiple social identities and oppression systems
Q.7 Which theory argues that gender inequality is a result of capitalist exploitation combined with patriarchal systems?
Liberal feminist theory framework
Marxist feminist theoretical approach
Biological determinist model analysis
Post-structuralist identity theory
Explanation - Marxist feminism links gender inequality to capitalist economic structures that intersect with patriarchal systems of domination.
Correct answer is: Marxist feminist theoretical approach
Q.8 What is the primary focus of feminist sociological research in medical sciences?
Gender-neutral biological experimentation
Impact of gender on health disparities and access
Genetic sequencing of sex chromosomes
Hormonal regulation of reproductive cycles only
Explanation - Feminist sociology in medical sciences examines how gender influences health outcomes, access to care, and medical treatment biases.
Correct answer is: Impact of gender on health disparities and access
Q.9 Which concept refers to the normalization of male-centered perspectives in scientific and medical knowledge production?
Androcentrism in scientific discourse
Neutral empiricism in research design
Biological universality principle
Clinical objectivity framework
Explanation - Androcentrism refers to the practice of centering male experiences as the norm in scientific and medical knowledge systems.
Correct answer is: Androcentrism in scientific discourse
Q.10 Which sociological approach emphasizes that gender is socially constructed through language and discourse?
Post-structuralist feminist theory
Biological essentialist framework
Functionalist equilibrium model
Evolutionary adaptation theory
Explanation - Post-structuralist feminism argues that gender is constructed through language, discourse, and power relations rather than fixed biological categories.
Correct answer is: Post-structuralist feminist theory
Q.11 What does 'gender binary' refer to in sociological analysis?
Division of gender into strictly male and female categories
Gradual spectrum of gender identities across society
Medical classification of reproductive disorders
Psychological measurement of gender traits
Explanation - Gender binary refers to the classification of gender into two distinct and opposite categories: male and female.
Correct answer is: Division of gender into strictly male and female categories
Q.12 Which concept explains the expectation that women perform unpaid domestic labor as a social norm?
Domestic labor gender expectation
Reproductive labor social assignment
Gendered division of household labor
Biological caregiving determinism
Explanation - The gendered division of labor refers to the social assignment of domestic and caregiving work disproportionately to women.
Correct answer is: Gendered division of household labor
Q.13 Which term describes internalized societal beliefs that justify gender inequality as natural?
Gender ideology normalization process
Biological equity assumption model
Hormonal behavior regulation theory
Genetic social alignment framework
Explanation - Gender ideology normalization refers to internalized beliefs that naturalize and justify unequal gender relations.
Correct answer is: Gender ideology normalization process
Q.14 What is the main critique feminist sociologists make of traditional medical research?
Overemphasis on qualitative methods only
Exclusion of gender differences in study design
Overuse of patient interviews in analysis
Excess focus on environmental factors alone
Explanation - Feminist critiques highlight that traditional medical research often ignores gender differences, leading to biased outcomes.
Correct answer is: Exclusion of gender differences in study design
Q.15 Which concept describes unequal access to healthcare services based on gender identity?
Clinical gender neutrality principle
Gender-based healthcare disparity
Medical biological equality model
Therapeutic uniform treatment system
Explanation - Gender-based healthcare disparity refers to unequal access, treatment, and outcomes in healthcare based on gender.
Correct answer is: Gender-based healthcare disparity
Q.16 Which theory suggests that gender roles evolved due to adaptive survival advantages?
Functionalist gender adaptation theory
Evolutionary psychology framework
Conflict-based gender theory
Symbolic interactionist model
Explanation - Evolutionary psychology explains gender roles as adaptations that improved survival and reproductive success.
Correct answer is: Evolutionary psychology framework
Q.17 What does 'glass ceiling' refer to in gender sociology?
Invisible barriers preventing women from reaching leadership positions
Transparent equal opportunities in workplace systems
Physical separation of gendered workplaces in industry
Psychological resistance to career advancement
Explanation - The glass ceiling refers to unseen institutional barriers that limit advancement of women in professional hierarchies.
Correct answer is: Invisible barriers preventing women from reaching leadership positions
Q.18 Which concept refers to men benefiting structurally from patriarchal systems without conscious intent?
Systemic male privilege advantage
Hegemonic neutrality assumption
Biological dominance principle
Hormonal superiority hypothesis
Explanation - Male privilege refers to structural advantages men receive in patriarchal systems, often unconsciously.
Correct answer is: Systemic male privilege advantage
Q.19 Which sociological term describes gender identity that does not align strictly with male or female categories?
Non-binary gender identity classification
Binary gender conformity model
Sex-linked identity structure
Reproductive identity categorization
Explanation - Non-binary gender identity refers to gender identities that exist outside the traditional male-female binary.
Correct answer is: Non-binary gender identity classification
Q.20 What is the primary focus of critical feminist sociology?
Analysis of biological sex differences
Examination of power relations and gender inequality
Study of reproductive hormone cycles
Classification of genetic sex traits
Explanation - Critical feminist sociology focuses on how power structures produce and maintain gender inequality.
Correct answer is: Examination of power relations and gender inequality
Q.21 Which term describes the societal expectation that men should suppress emotional expression?
Emotional neutrality norm enforcement
Masculinity emotional restriction norm
Biological emotional regulation theory
Hormonal expression suppression model
Explanation - This refers to cultural expectations that men should avoid expressing vulnerability or emotions.
Correct answer is: Masculinity emotional restriction norm
Q.22 Which framework examines how institutions reinforce gender inequality through policies and practices?
Institutional gender reinforcement theory
Randomized social behavior model
Biological institutional alignment
Genetic policy adaptation theory
Explanation - This framework studies how institutions such as education, healthcare, and workplaces reproduce gender inequality.
Correct answer is: Institutional gender reinforcement theory
Q.23 Which concept refers to unpaid reproductive labor often performed by women?
Domestic caregiving reproductive labor
Industrial labor participation model
Clinical labor distribution system
Technological labor substitution theory
Explanation - Reproductive labor refers to unpaid work like caregiving and household maintenance disproportionately performed by women.
Correct answer is: Domestic caregiving reproductive labor
Q.24 What does 'toxic masculinity' primarily describe in sociological discourse?
Healthy expressions of traditional masculinity roles
Harmful norms associated with exaggerated masculine behavior
Biological basis of male aggression patterns
Neutral cultural differences in gender expression
Explanation - Toxic masculinity refers to cultural norms that encourage harmful behaviors such as aggression, dominance, and emotional suppression.
Correct answer is: Harmful norms associated with exaggerated masculine behavior
Q.25 Which concept explains the reinforcement of gender inequality through media representations?
Media gender stereotyping reinforcement
Genetic media influence theory
Hormonal representation bias model
Biological imagery construction theory
Explanation - Media often reinforces gender stereotypes, shaping public perception and maintaining inequality.
Correct answer is: Media gender stereotyping reinforcement