Q.1 Which class of drugs is primarily used to relax bronchial smooth muscle in asthma?
Antihistamines
Beta-2 agonists
Corticosteroids
Leukotriene receptor antagonists
Explanation - Beta-2 agonists activate beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, causing relaxation and bronchodilation.
Correct answer is: Beta-2 agonists
Q.2 Which inhaled corticosteroid is commonly used for long-term management of asthma?
Fluticasone
Albuterol
Ipratropium
Montelukast
Explanation - Fluticasone is an inhaled corticosteroid that reduces airway inflammation, making it suitable for long-term asthma control.
Correct answer is: Fluticasone
Q.3 What is the mechanism of action of montelukast in asthma management?
Beta-2 receptor stimulation
Leukotriene receptor blockade
Histamine receptor inhibition
Direct smooth muscle relaxation
Explanation - Montelukast blocks leukotriene receptors, reducing bronchoconstriction, mucus secretion, and inflammation in asthma.
Correct answer is: Leukotriene receptor blockade
Q.4 Which drug is a short-acting beta-2 agonist used for rapid relief of asthma symptoms?
Salmeterol
Albuterol
Budesonide
Theophylline
Explanation - Albuterol is a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA) that quickly relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, providing rapid symptom relief.
Correct answer is: Albuterol
Q.5 Ipratropium is classified as which type of drug?
Anticholinergic
Beta-2 agonist
Corticosteroid
Leukotriene antagonist
Explanation - Ipratropium blocks muscarinic receptors in the airways, preventing bronchoconstriction and reducing mucus secretion.
Correct answer is: Anticholinergic
Q.6 Which of the following is a common side effect of systemic corticosteroids?
Tachycardia
Hyperglycemia
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Explanation - Systemic corticosteroids can increase blood glucose levels due to gluconeogenesis and reduced glucose uptake.
Correct answer is: Hyperglycemia
Q.7 Which drug is a long-acting beta-2 agonist used for maintenance therapy in asthma?
Albuterol
Salmeterol
Ipratropium
Montelukast
Explanation - Salmeterol is a long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA) that provides prolonged bronchodilation, suitable for maintenance therapy, not acute relief.
Correct answer is: Salmeterol
Q.8 Theophylline primarily acts by which mechanism in asthma therapy?
Phosphodiesterase inhibition
Beta-2 receptor agonism
Leukotriene antagonism
Muscarinic receptor blockade
Explanation - Theophylline inhibits phosphodiesterase, increasing cAMP levels and causing bronchodilation, while also reducing inflammation.
Correct answer is: Phosphodiesterase inhibition
Q.9 Which of the following drugs is indicated for severe allergic asthma due to IgE-mediated mechanisms?
Omalizumab
Albuterol
Ipratropium
Montelukast
Explanation - Omalizumab is an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody that binds free IgE, preventing allergic cascade activation in severe allergic asthma.
Correct answer is: Omalizumab
Q.10 Which of the following medications is used as a rescue inhaler in COPD?
Ipratropium
Tiotropium
Salmeterol
Theophylline
Explanation - Ipratropium is a short-acting anticholinergic bronchodilator used for rapid symptom relief in COPD exacerbations.
Correct answer is: Ipratropium
Q.11 Which class of drugs reduces inflammation in asthma but has no immediate bronchodilator effect?
Beta-2 agonists
Corticosteroids
Anticholinergics
Leukotriene receptor antagonists
Explanation - Corticosteroids reduce airway inflammation over time but do not provide immediate relief of bronchoconstriction.
Correct answer is: Corticosteroids
Q.12 Which of the following is a common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids?
Oral thrush
Tachycardia
Hypoglycemia
Diarrhea
Explanation - Inhaled corticosteroids can lead to local immunosuppression in the mouth, causing fungal infections like oral thrush.
Correct answer is: Oral thrush
Q.13 Tiotropium is primarily used in which respiratory condition?
Asthma
COPD
Pneumonia
Pulmonary fibrosis
Explanation - Tiotropium is a long-acting anticholinergic used to manage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by causing sustained bronchodilation.
Correct answer is: COPD
Q.14 Which of the following drugs is used for pulmonary hypertension?
Sildenafil
Albuterol
Montelukast
Budesonide
Explanation - Sildenafil is a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor that causes pulmonary vasodilation, reducing pulmonary artery pressure.
Correct answer is: Sildenafil
Q.15 Which of the following is a common adverse effect of beta-2 agonists?
Tremor
Hyperpigmentation
Constipation
Hypotension
Explanation - Beta-2 agonists can cause tremors, especially in skeletal muscles, due to beta-2 receptor activation outside the lungs.
Correct answer is: Tremor
Q.16 Cromolyn sodium works primarily by which mechanism?
Mast cell stabilization
Beta-2 agonism
Muscarinic blockade
Leukotriene antagonism
Explanation - Cromolyn sodium stabilizes mast cells, preventing release of histamine and other mediators, reducing allergic inflammation.
Correct answer is: Mast cell stabilization
Q.17 Which of the following drugs is a combination therapy for COPD containing a LABA and an inhaled corticosteroid?
Salmeterol/Fluticasone
Albuterol/Ipratropium
Montelukast/Budesonide
Theophylline/Albuterol
Explanation - Salmeterol (LABA) combined with fluticasone (ICS) provides both bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory effects in COPD management.
Correct answer is: Salmeterol/Fluticasone
Q.18 Which of the following is a common side effect of theophylline?
Nausea and vomiting
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Sedation
Explanation - Theophylline toxicity can cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and sometimes arrhythmias.
Correct answer is: Nausea and vomiting
Q.19 Which of the following drugs is indicated in acute severe asthma attack in a hospital setting?
IV corticosteroids
Oral montelukast
Inhaled cromolyn
Oral theophylline
Explanation - IV corticosteroids are used in severe asthma attacks to rapidly reduce airway inflammation when immediate control is needed.
Correct answer is: IV corticosteroids
Q.20 Which of the following respiratory drugs can interact with caffeine leading to increased side effects?
Theophylline
Albuterol
Ipratropium
Fluticasone
Explanation - Theophylline and caffeine are both methylxanthines, and co-administration can increase the risk of side effects such as tachycardia and CNS stimulation.
Correct answer is: Theophylline
Q.21 Which of the following is a selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor used in severe COPD?
Roflumilast
Albuterol
Montelukast
Tiotropium
Explanation - Roflumilast inhibits PDE-4, reducing inflammation and improving lung function in severe COPD patients with chronic bronchitis.
Correct answer is: Roflumilast
Q.22 Which of the following is NOT a typical side effect of inhaled beta-2 agonists?
Tachycardia
Hypokalemia
Cough
Hypoglycemia
Explanation - Beta-2 agonists may cause tachycardia, tremors, and hypokalemia, but they do not cause hypoglycemia.
Correct answer is: Hypoglycemia
Q.23 Leukotriene receptor antagonists are particularly useful in which type of asthma?
Exercise-induced
Acute severe
Occupational
Infectious
Explanation - Leukotriene receptor antagonists like montelukast are effective in preventing bronchoconstriction triggered by exercise.
Correct answer is: Exercise-induced
Q.24 Which of the following drugs can be administered via nebulization for rapid bronchodilation?
Albuterol
Montelukast
Fluticasone
Omalizumab
Explanation - Albuterol can be delivered via nebulizer for rapid delivery to the lungs in acute asthma or COPD exacerbations.
Correct answer is: Albuterol
Q.25 Which of the following medications can cause paradoxical bronchospasm if used incorrectly?
Ipratropium
Albuterol
Montelukast
Fluticasone
Explanation - Rarely, beta-2 agonists like albuterol can trigger paradoxical bronchospasm if the inhaler is contaminated or formulation is incorrect.
Correct answer is: Albuterol