Q.1 What is pharmacology primarily concerned with?
Study of diseases
Study of drugs and their effects
Study of cells
Study of anatomy
Explanation - Pharmacology is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of drugs, their actions, and effects on living organisms.
Correct answer is: Study of drugs and their effects
Q.2 Which term describes the study of how drugs move through the body?
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacogenomics
Toxicology
Explanation - Pharmacokinetics refers to the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs in the body.
Correct answer is: Pharmacokinetics
Q.3 What does pharmacodynamics study?
Drug movement in the body
Effects of drugs on the body
Drug metabolism
Drug distribution
Explanation - Pharmacodynamics explains how drugs exert their effects on the body at molecular and systemic levels.
Correct answer is: Effects of drugs on the body
Q.4 What is the term for the harmful effects of drugs?
Therapeutics
Toxicology
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacogenomics
Explanation - Toxicology is the study of harmful effects caused by chemicals or drugs on the body.
Correct answer is: Toxicology
Q.5 Which of the following is an example of a drug receptor interaction?
Insulin binding to its receptor
Blood clot formation
Digestion of food
Sweating
Explanation - Drugs often work by binding to receptors; insulin binds to its receptor to initiate glucose uptake.
Correct answer is: Insulin binding to its receptor
Q.6 What is the first step in pharmacokinetics?
Distribution
Absorption
Metabolism
Excretion
Explanation - Absorption is the process by which a drug enters the bloodstream after administration.
Correct answer is: Absorption
Q.7 Which organ is primarily responsible for drug metabolism?
Kidneys
Liver
Lungs
Stomach
Explanation - The liver is the main site for metabolism, where drugs are chemically modified for excretion.
Correct answer is: Liver
Q.8 What does 'half-life' of a drug refer to?
Time for drug to take effect
Time for half of the drug to be eliminated
Time to reach peak effect
Time drug remains active
Explanation - Half-life is the time required for the concentration of a drug in the body to reduce by 50%.
Correct answer is: Time for half of the drug to be eliminated
Q.9 Which route of administration bypasses the gastrointestinal tract?
Oral
Rectal
Intravenous
Sublingual
Explanation - Intravenous administration delivers drugs directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the GI tract.
Correct answer is: Intravenous
Q.10 What is the therapeutic index of a drug?
Measure of potency
Ratio of toxic dose to effective dose
Rate of absorption
Drug’s half-life
Explanation - The therapeutic index indicates the safety margin of a drug, comparing effective and toxic doses.
Correct answer is: Ratio of toxic dose to effective dose
Q.11 Which of the following is an example of a drug excreted mainly by the kidneys?
Penicillin
Aspirin
Morphine
Diazepam
Explanation - Penicillin is primarily eliminated through the kidneys via renal excretion.
Correct answer is: Penicillin
Q.12 Which route of drug administration provides the fastest onset of action?
Oral
Intravenous
Intramuscular
Subcutaneous
Explanation - Intravenous injection delivers drugs directly into the bloodstream for immediate action.
Correct answer is: Intravenous
Q.13 What does bioavailability measure?
Fraction of drug absorbed
Drug’s potency
Drug’s half-life
Drug metabolism rate
Explanation - Bioavailability is the fraction of an administered dose that reaches systemic circulation in active form.
Correct answer is: Fraction of drug absorbed
Q.14 Which type of drug binds to a receptor and produces an effect?
Antagonist
Agonist
Inhibitor
Blocker
Explanation - Agonists bind to receptors and activate them to produce a biological response.
Correct answer is: Agonist
Q.15 Which type of drug prevents receptor activation?
Agonist
Antagonist
Enzyme inducer
Substrate
Explanation - Antagonists block receptor sites and prevent activation by agonists or natural ligands.
Correct answer is: Antagonist
Q.16 Which route of drug administration involves absorption through the skin?
Oral
Transdermal
Rectal
Intravenous
Explanation - Transdermal administration uses patches for drug absorption through the skin.
Correct answer is: Transdermal
Q.17 What does 'first-pass effect' refer to?
Drug bypassing metabolism
Drug metabolism in the liver before reaching circulation
Drug excretion in kidneys
Drug half-life
Explanation - The first-pass effect reduces bioavailability as oral drugs are metabolized in the liver before systemic circulation.
Correct answer is: Drug metabolism in the liver before reaching circulation
Q.18 Which of the following is an adverse drug reaction?
Desired therapeutic effect
Unintended harmful effect
Drug metabolism
Drug absorption
Explanation - Adverse drug reactions are harmful and unintended effects caused by drugs.
Correct answer is: Unintended harmful effect
Q.19 Which factor can influence drug absorption?
Food in stomach
Age
pH of stomach
All of the above
Explanation - Drug absorption is influenced by food, age, and gastric pH, among other factors.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.20 Which type of interaction occurs when two drugs produce a stronger effect together?
Antagonism
Synergism
Tolerance
Dependence
Explanation - Synergism occurs when two drugs enhance each other’s effects when used together.
Correct answer is: Synergism
Q.21 What is meant by drug tolerance?
Increased response to a drug
Decreased response after repeated use
Drug dependence
Drug withdrawal
Explanation - Tolerance develops when repeated drug use leads to reduced effectiveness.
Correct answer is: Decreased response after repeated use
Q.22 Which branch of pharmacology focuses on the therapeutic use of drugs?
Pharmacodynamics
Clinical pharmacology
Toxicology
Pharmacogenomics
Explanation - Clinical pharmacology deals with applying drugs in the treatment of diseases.
Correct answer is: Clinical pharmacology
Q.23 What does drug potency refer to?
Strength of effect at a given dose
Maximum possible effect
Drug half-life
Drug safety
Explanation - Potency refers to the amount of drug required to produce a specific effect.
Correct answer is: Strength of effect at a given dose
Q.24 Which factor most influences drug distribution in the body?
Plasma protein binding
Drug potency
Drug half-life
Route of administration
Explanation - Drug distribution is strongly influenced by how much of the drug binds to plasma proteins like albumin.
Correct answer is: Plasma protein binding
Q.25 Which of the following is an example of an enteral route of drug administration?
Intravenous
Oral
Intramuscular
Transdermal
Explanation - Enteral routes include oral, sublingual, and rectal routes, involving the GI tract.
Correct answer is: Oral