Q.1 Which of the following drugs is primarily used for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia?
A) Folic acid
B) Iron sulfate
C) Vitamin B12
D) Erythropoietin
Explanation - Iron sulfate is commonly used to treat iron deficiency anemia by replenishing iron stores in the body.
Correct answer is: B) Iron sulfate
Q.2 What is the mechanism of action of heparin?
A) Inhibits platelet aggregation
B) Inhibits thrombin formation
C) Enhances fibrin formation
D) Increases vitamin K production
Explanation - Heparin works by inhibiting thrombin and other clotting factors, thereby preventing clot formation.
Correct answer is: B) Inhibits thrombin formation
Q.3 Which medication is used to treat vitamin B12 deficiency anemia?
A) Folic acid
B) Cyanocobalamin
C) Iron sulfate
D) Erythropoietin
Explanation - Cyanocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B12, used to treat vitamin B12 deficiency anemia.
Correct answer is: B) Cyanocobalamin
Q.4 Which of the following is a common side effect of warfarin therapy?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hemorrhage
C) Hyperglycemia
D) Liver failure
Explanation - Warfarin is an anticoagulant, and its most common side effect is bleeding or hemorrhage.
Correct answer is: B) Hemorrhage
Q.5 What is the role of erythropoietin in hematopoiesis?
A) Stimulates platelet production
B) Stimulates red blood cell production
C) Inhibits red blood cell production
D) Stimulates white blood cell production
Explanation - Erythropoietin is a hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.
Correct answer is: B) Stimulates red blood cell production
Q.6 Which of the following drugs is used to reverse the effects of warfarin overdose?
A) Vitamin K
B) Aspirin
C) Heparin
D) Clopidogrel
Explanation - Vitamin K is used to reverse the anticoagulant effects of warfarin by promoting clotting factor synthesis.
Correct answer is: A) Vitamin K
Q.7 Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of thrombolytic agents?
A) Recent surgery
B) History of stroke
C) Active bleeding
D) All of the above
Explanation - Thrombolytic agents should be avoided in patients with a history of recent surgery, stroke, or active bleeding due to the risk of severe hemorrhage.
Correct answer is: D) All of the above
Q.8 Which factor is primarily affected by the action of vitamin K in coagulation?
A) Factor II (Prothrombin)
B) Factor VIII
C) Factor X
D) Factor V
Explanation - Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors, especially prothrombin (Factor II), in the liver.
Correct answer is: A) Factor II (Prothrombin)
Q.9 Which class of drug is commonly used in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
A) Diuretics
B) Anticoagulants
C) Beta-blockers
D) Antihistamines
Explanation - Anticoagulants, such as heparin and warfarin, are commonly used to prevent and treat deep vein thrombosis by inhibiting clot formation.
Correct answer is: B) Anticoagulants
Q.10 Which of the following drugs is known as a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC)?
A) Warfarin
B) Heparin
C) Dabigatran
D) Aspirin
Explanation - Dabigatran is a direct oral anticoagulant that inhibits thrombin, unlike warfarin and heparin, which require monitoring and dose adjustment.
Correct answer is: C) Dabigatran
Q.11 What is the primary effect of thrombopoietin?
A) Increases platelet production
B) Increases white blood cell production
C) Increases red blood cell production
D) Increases fibrinogen production
Explanation - Thrombopoietin is a hormone that primarily stimulates the production of platelets in the bone marrow.
Correct answer is: A) Increases platelet production
Q.12 Which of the following is a characteristic of fibrinolytic drugs?
A) Promote clot formation
B) Inhibit thrombin
C) Dissolve blood clots
D) Increase platelet aggregation
Explanation - Fibrinolytic drugs, such as alteplase, break down fibrin and dissolve blood clots, helping to restore blood flow.
Correct answer is: C) Dissolve blood clots
Q.13 Which of the following is a risk of using platelet inhibitors like clopidogrel?
A) Stroke
B) Increased bleeding risk
C) Hyperkalemia
D) Liver toxicity
Explanation - Platelet inhibitors like clopidogrel prevent platelet aggregation, which increases the risk of bleeding.
Correct answer is: B) Increased bleeding risk
Q.14 Which of the following is a common side effect of iron supplementation?
A) Constipation
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Tachycardia
D) Hepatotoxicity
Explanation - Iron supplements commonly cause gastrointestinal side effects, with constipation being one of the most common.
Correct answer is: A) Constipation
Q.15 Which of the following is the first-line treatment for anemia of chronic disease?
A) Iron sulfate
B) Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents
C) Folic acid
D) Vitamin B12 supplements
Explanation - Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, like epoetin alfa, are used to treat anemia of chronic disease by stimulating red blood cell production.
Correct answer is: B) Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents
Q.16 Which of the following clotting factors is deficient in hemophilia A?
A) Factor VIII
B) Factor IX
C) Factor X
D) Factor VII
Explanation - Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency of Factor VIII, a critical clotting factor involved in the coagulation cascade.
Correct answer is: A) Factor VIII
Q.17 Which clotting factor is directly inhibited by heparin–antithrombin III complex?
Factor VIIa
Factor Xa
Factor IX
Factor XIII
Explanation - The heparin–antithrombin III complex inhibits both factor Xa and thrombin (factor IIa), with LMWH being more selective for Xa.
Correct answer is: Factor Xa
Q.18 Which drug is a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA)?
Alteplase
Heparin
Warfarin
Clopidogrel
Explanation - Alteplase is an rtPA that activates plasminogen to plasmin, leading to fibrinolysis.
Correct answer is: Alteplase
Q.19 What is the primary mechanism of aspirin’s antiplatelet action?
Inhibition of P2Y12 receptors
COX inhibition
Blocking thrombin
Blocking fibrinogen binding
Explanation - Aspirin irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-1), reducing thromboxane A2 and platelet aggregation.
Correct answer is: COX inhibition
Q.20 Deficiency of which vitamin causes impaired clotting due to decreased synthesis of clotting factors?
Vitamin C
Vitamin K
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Explanation - Vitamin K deficiency impairs synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X, leading to bleeding tendency.
Correct answer is: Vitamin K
Q.21 Which hematopoietic growth factor stimulates platelet production?
Erythropoietin
Thrombopoietin
G-CSF
IL-2
Explanation - Thrombopoietin stimulates megakaryocyte proliferation and platelet production.
Correct answer is: Thrombopoietin
Q.22 Which anticoagulant directly inhibits thrombin?
Dabigatran
Apixaban
Warfarin
Fondaparinux
Explanation - Dabigatran is a direct thrombin (factor IIa) inhibitor given orally.
Correct answer is: Dabigatran
Q.23 Which antidote reverses the effect of dabigatran?
Vitamin K
Protamine sulfate
Idarucizumab
Andexanet alfa
Explanation - Idarucizumab is a monoclonal antibody fragment that binds dabigatran and neutralizes its anticoagulant effect.
Correct answer is: Idarucizumab
Q.24 Which drug prevents clot formation by inhibiting factor Xa selectively?
Rivaroxaban
Warfarin
Dabigatran
Aspirin
Explanation - Rivaroxaban is an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor classified as a DOAC.
Correct answer is: Rivaroxaban
Q.25 Which antiplatelet drug is classified as a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor?
Abciximab
Clopidogrel
Aspirin
Warfarin
Explanation - Abciximab is a monoclonal antibody that blocks GPIIb/IIIa receptors, preventing platelet aggregation.
Correct answer is: Abciximab
Q.26 Which adverse effect is most associated with thrombolytic drugs?
Hepatotoxicity
Hemorrhage
Nephrotoxicity
Thrombocytosis
Explanation - The major complication of thrombolytic therapy is serious bleeding, including intracranial hemorrhage.
Correct answer is: Hemorrhage
Q.27 Which drug is used to treat anemia due to folate deficiency?
Ferrous sulfate
Folic acid
Erythropoietin
Hydroxyurea
Explanation - Folic acid supplementation corrects folate-deficiency anemia and supports DNA synthesis.
Correct answer is: Folic acid
Q.28 Which anticoagulant requires frequent INR monitoring?
Apixaban
Warfarin
Dabigatran
Rivaroxaban
Explanation - Warfarin has a narrow therapeutic index and requires INR monitoring to avoid bleeding or clotting.
Correct answer is: Warfarin
Q.29 Which adverse effect is associated with long-term warfarin use?
Osteoporosis
Thrombocytopenia
Neutropenia
Renal failure
Explanation - Chronic warfarin therapy can reduce bone density, increasing fracture risk.
Correct answer is: Osteoporosis
Q.30 Which test is prolonged in hemophilia A?
Bleeding time
Prothrombin time
aPTT
INR
Explanation - Hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency) prolongs the intrinsic pathway test, aPTT.
Correct answer is: aPTT
Q.31 Which agent is used to treat von Willebrand disease?
Desmopressin
Vitamin K
Protamine sulfate
Alteplase
Explanation - Desmopressin increases release of von Willebrand factor and factor VIII from endothelial stores.
Correct answer is: Desmopressin
Q.32 Which drug is contraindicated in patients with G6PD deficiency due to risk of hemolysis?
Aspirin
Primaquine
Heparin
Warfarin
Explanation - Primaquine can cause oxidative stress leading to hemolysis in patients with G6PD deficiency.
Correct answer is: Primaquine
Q.33 Which anemia is characterized by hypersegmented neutrophils in the blood smear?
Iron-deficiency anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Hemolytic anemia
Explanation - Megaloblastic anemia due to folate or B12 deficiency presents with hypersegmented neutrophils.
Correct answer is: Megaloblastic anemia
Q.34 Which drug inhibits ADP receptor–mediated platelet aggregation irreversibly?
Clopidogrel
Ticagrelor
Abciximab
Aspirin
Explanation - Clopidogrel irreversibly blocks P2Y12 ADP receptors on platelets.
Correct answer is: Clopidogrel
Q.35 Which drug is a reversible P2Y12 inhibitor?
Ticagrelor
Clopidogrel
Prasugrel
Abciximab
Explanation - Ticagrelor is a reversible inhibitor of platelet P2Y12 receptors.
Correct answer is: Ticagrelor
Q.36 Which clotting factor is deficient in hemophilia B?
Factor VIII
Factor IX
Factor XI
Factor XII
Explanation - Hemophilia B, also called Christmas disease, is due to factor IX deficiency.
Correct answer is: Factor IX
Q.37 Which anticoagulant is administered subcutaneously and has predictable pharmacokinetics?
Unfractionated heparin
LMWH
Warfarin
Aspirin
Explanation - Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) such as enoxaparin are given subcutaneously and have predictable activity.
Correct answer is: LMWH
Q.38 Which drug increases fetal hemoglobin levels in sickle cell anemia?
Hydroxyurea
Folic acid
Vitamin B12
Ferrous sulfate
Explanation - Hydroxyurea induces fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production, reducing sickling episodes.
Correct answer is: Hydroxyurea
Q.39 Which adverse effect is associated with G-CSF therapy?
Bone pain
Renal failure
Liver toxicity
Neurotoxicity
Explanation - Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) can cause bone pain due to marrow expansion.
Correct answer is: Bone pain
Q.40 Which anticoagulant has the shortest half-life?
Warfarin
Unfractionated heparin
Dabigatran
Rivaroxaban
Explanation - Unfractionated heparin has a short half-life of 1–2 hours, requiring continuous infusion or frequent dosing.
Correct answer is: Unfractionated heparin
Q.41 Which factor is the target of fondaparinux?
Factor IIa
Factor VIIa
Factor Xa
Factor XIII
Explanation - Fondaparinux is a synthetic pentasaccharide that selectively inhibits factor Xa via antithrombin III.
Correct answer is: Factor Xa