Q.1 Which of the following drugs is a proton pump inhibitor?
Ranitidine
Omeprazole
Cimetidine
Aluminum hydroxide
Explanation - Omeprazole inhibits the H+/K+ ATPase in the gastric parietal cells, reducing acid secretion.
Correct answer is: Omeprazole
Q.2 Which drug is commonly used as a prokinetic agent in gastroparesis?
Metoclopramide
Loperamide
Omeprazole
Sucralfate
Explanation - Metoclopramide enhances gastrointestinal motility by antagonizing dopamine D2 receptors and sensitizing tissues to acetylcholine.
Correct answer is: Metoclopramide
Q.3 Which of the following is an H2 receptor antagonist?
Omeprazole
Ranitidine
Sucralfate
Bismuth subsalicylate
Explanation - Ranitidine blocks H2 receptors on gastric parietal cells, reducing acid secretion.
Correct answer is: Ranitidine
Q.4 Which of the following drugs is used to treat Helicobacter pylori infection?
Amoxicillin
Metoclopramide
Bismuth subsalicylate
Both A and C
Explanation - H. pylori is treated with antibiotics such as amoxicillin and adjuvants like bismuth subsalicylate.
Correct answer is: Both A and C
Q.5 Which drug acts as a mucosal protectant in peptic ulcer disease?
Sucralfate
Omeprazole
Ranitidine
Loperamide
Explanation - Sucralfate forms a protective barrier over the ulcer site, preventing further injury from acid and pepsin.
Correct answer is: Sucralfate
Q.6 Which of the following is a side effect of chronic proton pump inhibitor therapy?
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Constipation
Hyperkalemia
Hypoglycemia
Explanation - Long-term PPI use can reduce gastric acid, impairing vitamin B12 absorption.
Correct answer is: Vitamin B12 deficiency
Q.7 Loperamide is used primarily for:
Diarrhea
Constipation
Acid reflux
Nausea
Explanation - Loperamide is an opioid receptor agonist in the gut that decreases intestinal motility, helping control diarrhea.
Correct answer is: Diarrhea
Q.8 Which drug is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used in chemotherapy-induced nausea?
Ondansetron
Metoclopramide
Ranitidine
Sucralfate
Explanation - Ondansetron blocks 5-HT3 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone and gut, reducing nausea and vomiting.
Correct answer is: Ondansetron
Q.9 Which of the following is an osmotic laxative?
Lactulose
Docusate
Senna
Bisacodyl
Explanation - Lactulose draws water into the colon, softening stools and promoting bowel movements.
Correct answer is: Lactulose
Q.10 Which drug class is most effective for rapid relief of GERD symptoms?
Proton pump inhibitors
H2 receptor antagonists
Antacids
Prokinetic agents
Explanation - Antacids neutralize existing stomach acid and provide rapid symptomatic relief of heartburn.
Correct answer is: Antacids
Q.11 Which of the following drugs is contraindicated in intestinal obstruction?
Metoclopramide
Loperamide
Omeprazole
Sucralfate
Explanation - Prokinetic drugs like metoclopramide should not be used in mechanical intestinal obstruction due to risk of perforation.
Correct answer is: Metoclopramide
Q.12 Which of the following is a bile acid sequestrant?
Cholestyramine
Omeprazole
Ranitidine
Loperamide
Explanation - Cholestyramine binds bile acids in the gut, used in conditions like bile acid diarrhea.
Correct answer is: Cholestyramine
Q.13 Which drug reduces gastric acid by blocking muscarinic receptors?
Pirenzepine
Omeprazole
Ranitidine
Sucralfate
Explanation - Pirenzepine is an M1-selective muscarinic antagonist that decreases acid secretion by inhibiting vagal stimulation.
Correct answer is: Pirenzepine
Q.14 Which drug is used to treat constipation due to opioid therapy?
Methylnaltrexone
Loperamide
Senna
Docusate
Explanation - Methylnaltrexone is a peripherally acting opioid receptor antagonist that relieves opioid-induced constipation without affecting analgesia.
Correct answer is: Methylnaltrexone
Q.15 Which of the following is a side effect of H2 receptor antagonists?
Gynecomastia
Diarrhea
Nausea
All of the above
Explanation - H2 blockers like cimetidine can cause gynecomastia, diarrhea, and nausea among other side effects.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.16 Which drug is commonly used to prevent NSAID-induced ulcers?
Misoprostol
Omeprazole
Ranitidine
All of the above
Explanation - Misoprostol (prostaglandin analog), PPIs, and H2 blockers can all be used to prevent NSAID-induced gastric ulcers.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.17 Which drug is an antiemetic acting by central dopamine receptor antagonism?
Metoclopramide
Ondansetron
Loperamide
Omeprazole
Explanation - Metoclopramide blocks D2 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone to reduce nausea and vomiting.
Correct answer is: Metoclopramide
Q.18 Which of the following is used to treat diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome?
Loperamide
Lubiprostone
Metoclopramide
Omeprazole
Explanation - Loperamide slows intestinal motility, making it effective for diarrhea-predominant IBS.
Correct answer is: Loperamide
Q.19 Which drug acts by neutralizing stomach acid?
Aluminum hydroxide
Ranitidine
Omeprazole
Sucralfate
Explanation - Aluminum hydroxide is an antacid that chemically neutralizes gastric acid to increase pH.
Correct answer is: Aluminum hydroxide
Q.20 Which drug is used for eradication of H. pylori in combination therapy?
Clarithromycin
Amoxicillin
Omeprazole
All of the above
Explanation - Triple therapy for H. pylori commonly includes clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and a proton pump inhibitor.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.21 Which of the following is a stimulant laxative?
Senna
Lactulose
Docusate
Polyethylene glycol
Explanation - Senna irritates the intestinal mucosa, increasing peristalsis and stool passage.
Correct answer is: Senna
Q.22 Which of the following is a side effect of chronic antacid overuse?
Constipation
Diarrhea
Electrolyte imbalance
All of the above
Explanation - Chronic use of antacids can cause constipation, diarrhea, and electrolyte disturbances depending on the compound.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.23 Which drug is effective in treating esophageal varices by reducing portal hypertension?
Octreotide
Loperamide
Ranitidine
Metoclopramide
Explanation - Octreotide is a somatostatin analog that reduces splanchnic blood flow, lowering portal pressure and controlling variceal bleeding.
Correct answer is: Octreotide
Q.24 Which of the following is an anti-secretory drug used in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?
Omeprazole
Ranitidine
Sucralfate
Metoclopramide
Explanation - Omeprazole reduces gastric acid secretion and is highly effective in controlling hypersecretion in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Correct answer is: Omeprazole
Q.25 Which of the following drugs is used to treat hepatic encephalopathy?
Lactulose
Metoclopramide
Omeprazole
Ranitidine
Explanation - Lactulose acidifies the gut, converting ammonia to ammonium ions, which reduces absorption and improves hepatic encephalopathy.
Correct answer is: Lactulose