Q.1 Which of the following drugs is a first-line treatment for hypertension?
Lisinopril
Aspirin
Metformin
Omeprazole
Explanation - Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor commonly used as a first-line agent to manage hypertension.
Correct answer is: Lisinopril
Q.2 Which of the following antibiotics is contraindicated in children due to effects on teeth and bones?
Amoxicillin
Doxycycline
Ceftriaxone
Azithromycin
Explanation - Doxycycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, can cause permanent teeth discoloration and affect bone growth in children under 8 years.
Correct answer is: Doxycycline
Q.3 Which drug is commonly used to reverse opioid overdose?
Naloxone
Flumazenil
Atropine
Propranolol
Explanation - Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that rapidly reverses opioid-induced respiratory depression.
Correct answer is: Naloxone
Q.4 Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of warfarin?
Inhibits platelet aggregation
Vitamin K antagonist
Direct thrombin inhibition
Fibrinolysis activation
Explanation - Warfarin inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase, reducing synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.
Correct answer is: Vitamin K antagonist
Q.5 Which drug is most appropriate for the treatment of acute asthma attacks?
Albuterol
Montelukast
Prednisone
Salmeterol
Explanation - Albuterol is a short-acting beta-2 agonist that provides rapid bronchodilation during acute asthma attacks.
Correct answer is: Albuterol
Q.6 Which drug class is most commonly associated with causing nephrotoxicity?
Aminoglycosides
Beta-blockers
Statins
SSRIs
Explanation - Aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as gentamicin, are known for their potential nephrotoxic effects, especially at high doses.
Correct answer is: Aminoglycosides
Q.7 Which of the following drugs is used as a first-line therapy in type 2 diabetes?
Metformin
Insulin
Glipizide
Acarbose
Explanation - Metformin reduces hepatic glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity, making it the first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes.
Correct answer is: Metformin
Q.8 Which of the following drugs is used for rapid reversal of benzodiazepine overdose?
Flumazenil
Naloxone
Atropine
Protamine
Explanation - Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist used to reverse benzodiazepine-induced sedation or overdose.
Correct answer is: Flumazenil
Q.9 Which drug is considered the drug of choice for anaphylactic shock?
Epinephrine
Hydrocortisone
Diphenhydramine
Albuterol
Explanation - Epinephrine is the first-line treatment in anaphylaxis due to its alpha- and beta-adrenergic effects that counteract vasodilation and bronchoconstriction.
Correct answer is: Epinephrine
Q.10 Which medication is primarily used to treat hyperthyroidism?
Methimazole
Levothyroxine
Propylthiouracil
Liothyronine
Explanation - Methimazole inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis and is commonly used to treat hyperthyroidism.
Correct answer is: Methimazole
Q.11 Which of the following drugs is commonly associated with QT interval prolongation?
Amiodarone
Lisinopril
Metformin
Furosemide
Explanation - Amiodarone, an antiarrhythmic drug, can prolong the QT interval, increasing the risk of torsades de pointes.
Correct answer is: Amiodarone
Q.12 Which diuretic is most effective in reducing intracranial pressure?
Mannitol
Furosemide
Hydrochlorothiazide
Spironolactone
Explanation - Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that reduces intracranial pressure by drawing water out of brain tissue.
Correct answer is: Mannitol
Q.13 Which drug is considered the drug of choice for status epilepticus?
Lorazepam
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Valproate
Explanation - Lorazepam, a benzodiazepine, is used as first-line treatment in status epilepticus for its rapid onset of action.
Correct answer is: Lorazepam
Q.14 Which anticoagulant acts by directly inhibiting factor Xa?
Rivaroxaban
Warfarin
Heparin
Dabigatran
Explanation - Rivaroxaban is a direct factor Xa inhibitor, preventing thrombin formation and subsequent clotting.
Correct answer is: Rivaroxaban
Q.15 Which drug is used as a first-line agent in the management of chronic heart failure?
ACE inhibitors
Beta-blockers
Loop diuretics
Digoxin
Explanation - ACE inhibitors improve survival and reduce symptoms in chronic heart failure by reducing afterload and preventing ventricular remodeling.
Correct answer is: ACE inhibitors
Q.16 Which medication is contraindicated in pregnancy due to teratogenic effects?
Warfarin
Heparin
Metformin
Labetalol
Explanation - Warfarin crosses the placenta and can cause fetal malformations, especially in the first trimester.
Correct answer is: Warfarin
Q.17 Which drug is primarily used for prophylaxis of gout attacks?
Allopurinol
Colchicine
Indomethacin
Probenecid
Explanation - Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, reducing uric acid production, and is used for chronic gout prophylaxis.
Correct answer is: Allopurinol
Q.18 Which class of drugs is primarily used to treat hyperlipidemia?
Statins
Beta-blockers
ACE inhibitors
Diuretics
Explanation - Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, reducing cholesterol synthesis and lowering LDL cholesterol levels.
Correct answer is: Statins
Q.19 Which drug is considered the treatment of choice for Parkinson’s disease?
Levodopa
Rivastigmine
Donepezil
Selegiline
Explanation - Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the brain and is the most effective treatment for Parkinson's disease symptoms.
Correct answer is: Levodopa
Q.20 Which medication is used for prophylaxis against malaria?
Chloroquine
Amoxicillin
Oseltamivir
Rifampicin
Explanation - Chloroquine is an antimalarial drug used for prophylaxis against malaria in endemic regions.
Correct answer is: Chloroquine
Q.21 Which of the following drugs is a non-selective beta-blocker?
Propranolol
Metoprolol
Atenolol
Nebivolol
Explanation - Propranolol blocks both beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors, making it a non-selective beta-blocker.
Correct answer is: Propranolol
Q.22 Which drug is used for reversal of heparin overdose?
Protamine sulfate
Vitamin K
Phytonadione
Aminocaproic acid
Explanation - Protamine sulfate binds to heparin, neutralizing its anticoagulant effects.
Correct answer is: Protamine sulfate
Q.23 Which drug is primarily used in the treatment of opioid dependence?
Methadone
Diazepam
Flumazenil
Naloxone
Explanation - Methadone is a long-acting opioid agonist used in maintenance therapy for opioid dependence.
Correct answer is: Methadone
Q.24 Which drug is used for rapid sequence induction during anesthesia?
Succinylcholine
Rocuronium
Vecuronium
Midazolam
Explanation - Succinylcholine is a depolarizing neuromuscular blocker used for rapid muscle relaxation during induction of anesthesia.
Correct answer is: Succinylcholine