Q.1 What is the primary function of thermoregulation in the human body?
To regulate body temperature to maintain homeostasis
To prevent the loss of body water
To increase metabolic rate
To control blood sugar levels
Explanation - Thermoregulation is the process by which the human body maintains its core internal temperature within a narrow range to ensure proper function.
Correct answer is: To regulate body temperature to maintain homeostasis
Q.2 Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for controlling thermoregulation?
Cerebrum
Medulla Oblongata
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Explanation - The hypothalamus is the brain region that controls the body's internal temperature by receiving signals from temperature receptors and activating thermoregulatory mechanisms.
Correct answer is: Hypothalamus
Q.3 Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of heat loss in the human body?
Evaporation
Convection
Conduction
Insulation
Explanation - Insulation is a mechanism that helps retain body heat, not lose it. Heat loss occurs through evaporation, convection, and conduction.
Correct answer is: Insulation
Q.4 What is the role of sweat glands in thermoregulation?
To cool the body by evaporation of sweat
To produce heat
To increase blood flow to the skin
To regulate fluid balance
Explanation - Sweat glands secrete sweat, which evaporates from the skin surface, cooling the body in the process.
Correct answer is: To cool the body by evaporation of sweat
Q.5 Which of the following mechanisms helps conserve body heat in cold environments?
Vasodilation
Shivering
Sweating
Vasoconstriction
Explanation - In cold environments, vasoconstriction reduces blood flow to the skin, helping to conserve heat.
Correct answer is: Vasoconstriction
Q.6 What is the effect of vasodilation on thermoregulation?
It increases heat production in the body
It helps cool the body by increasing blood flow to the skin
It reduces heat loss by constricting blood vessels
It triggers shivering
Explanation - Vasodilation increases blood flow to the skin, allowing more heat to be lost through the skin, thus helping to cool the body.
Correct answer is: It helps cool the body by increasing blood flow to the skin
Q.7 Which of the following hormones plays a role in thermoregulation by increasing metabolic rate?
Thyroid hormone
Insulin
Adrenaline
Cortisol
Explanation - Thyroid hormones increase metabolic rate, generating more heat and helping to regulate body temperature.
Correct answer is: Thyroid hormone
Q.8 Which of the following is a result of hyperthermia?
Increased body temperature
Decreased body temperature
Shivering
Vasoconstriction
Explanation - Hyperthermia occurs when the body’s temperature rises above the normal range, often due to excessive heat or prolonged exposure to high temperatures.
Correct answer is: Increased body temperature
Q.9 What physiological response is triggered by low environmental temperatures?
Vasodilation
Shivering
Sweating
Hyperventilation
Explanation - Shivering is a mechanism to increase heat production in response to low environmental temperatures.
Correct answer is: Shivering
Q.10 Which of the following processes helps to increase body heat in cold conditions?
Shivering
Sweating
Vasodilation
Increased fluid intake
Explanation - Shivering increases muscle activity, generating heat to help raise the body's temperature in cold conditions.
Correct answer is: Shivering
Q.11 Which of the following factors can affect the rate of heat loss from the body?
Body surface area
Age of the individual
Presence of body hair
All of the above
Explanation - Heat loss can be influenced by body surface area, age, and other factors such as the presence of body hair, which can impact insulation.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.12 What is the primary function of brown adipose tissue in thermoregulation?
Heat production
Storage of energy
Protection of organs
Insulation
Explanation - Brown adipose tissue generates heat by burning fat, which helps in thermoregulation, especially in infants and cold environments.
Correct answer is: Heat production
Q.13 What is the term used to describe the body’s core temperature during thermoregulation?
Basal body temperature
Thermoregulatory set point
Body mass index
Body fat percentage
Explanation - The thermoregulatory set point is the temperature at which the body aims to maintain its core temperature for optimal function.
Correct answer is: Thermoregulatory set point
Q.14 In which of the following conditions would the body experience hypothermia?
When the body’s core temperature falls below 35°C
When the body’s core temperature rises above 40°C
When the body experiences dehydration
When the body’s glucose levels drop
Explanation - Hypothermia occurs when the body’s core temperature drops below 35°C, leading to impaired function and potential organ failure.
Correct answer is: When the body’s core temperature falls below 35°C
Q.15 How does the body react to a fever?
Increased vasodilation
Reduced metabolic rate
Body temperature set point is raised
Decreased sweating
Explanation - During a fever, the hypothalamus raises the body’s temperature set point to fight off infection, causing an increase in body temperature.
Correct answer is: Body temperature set point is raised
Q.16 Which of the following is NOT a factor that increases heat loss from the body?
High air humidity
Wind speed
High body fat percentage
Low air temperature
Explanation - High body fat acts as insulation, reducing heat loss, while other factors like humidity, wind speed, and low temperature increase heat loss.
Correct answer is: High body fat percentage
Q.17 What is the effect of dehydration on thermoregulation?
Increases the body's ability to cool down
Decreases the body’s heat tolerance
Enhances sweating
Reduces blood flow to the skin
Explanation - Dehydration limits the body’s ability to cool itself effectively, leading to decreased heat tolerance and increased risk of heat-related illnesses.
Correct answer is: Decreases the body’s heat tolerance