Q.1 Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics?
Progesterone
Estrogen
Testosterone
Oxytocin
Explanation - Estrogen stimulates the development of breasts, wider hips, and other female secondary sexual traits.
Correct answer is: Estrogen
Q.2 What is the site of fertilization in humans?
Ovary
Uterus
Fallopian tube
Cervix
Explanation - Fertilization typically occurs in the ampulla region of the fallopian tube.
Correct answer is: Fallopian tube
Q.3 Which gland secretes follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?
Hypothalamus
Anterior pituitary
Ovary
Posterior pituitary
Explanation - FSH is secreted by the anterior pituitary to stimulate follicular development in ovaries and spermatogenesis in testes.
Correct answer is: Anterior pituitary
Q.4 Which of the following cells in the testes produce testosterone?
Sertoli cells
Leydig cells
Spermatogonia
Epididymal cells
Explanation - Leydig cells are interstitial cells in the testes that secrete testosterone.
Correct answer is: Leydig cells
Q.5 The menstrual cycle is controlled by which of the following?
Ovarian hormones only
Pituitary hormones only
Hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovarian hormones
Cervical secretions
Explanation - The menstrual cycle is regulated by interactions between GnRH, FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone.
Correct answer is: Hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovarian hormones
Q.6 What is the average duration of a normal menstrual cycle?
21 days
28 days
35 days
14 days
Explanation - A normal menstrual cycle lasts about 28 days, though variations of 21–35 days are also normal.
Correct answer is: 28 days
Q.7 Which hormone triggers ovulation?
FSH
LH
Progesterone
Oxytocin
Explanation - The LH surge triggers ovulation around the middle of the menstrual cycle.
Correct answer is: LH
Q.8 Which structure becomes the corpus luteum after ovulation?
Graafian follicle
Endometrium
Ovum
Fallopian tube
Explanation - The ruptured Graafian follicle transforms into the corpus luteum after releasing the ovum.
Correct answer is: Graafian follicle
Q.9 Which hormone maintains pregnancy during the first trimester?
FSH
LH
hCG
Prolactin
Explanation - Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) maintains the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone to sustain pregnancy.
Correct answer is: hCG
Q.10 In males, which hormone stimulates spermatogenesis?
Estrogen
FSH
LH
Progesterone
Explanation - FSH stimulates Sertoli cells, which support spermatogenesis in males.
Correct answer is: FSH
Q.11 What is the function of Sertoli cells?
Produce testosterone
Support spermatogenesis
Secrete LH
Form corpus luteum
Explanation - Sertoli cells nourish developing sperm and form the blood-testis barrier.
Correct answer is: Support spermatogenesis
Q.12 Which phase of the menstrual cycle is dominated by progesterone?
Follicular phase
Ovulatory phase
Luteal phase
Menstrual phase
Explanation - Progesterone predominates in the luteal phase, preparing the endometrium for implantation.
Correct answer is: Luteal phase
Q.13 Capacitation of sperm occurs in the:
Testes
Epididymis
Vagina
Female reproductive tract
Explanation - Capacitation, necessary for fertilization, occurs inside the female reproductive tract.
Correct answer is: Female reproductive tract
Q.14 What is the normal site of implantation?
Ovary
Cervix
Fundus of uterus
Fallopian tube
Explanation - A fertilized ovum normally implants in the uterine fundus for proper development.
Correct answer is: Fundus of uterus
Q.15 Which hormone is secreted in a pulsatile manner to regulate reproductive function?
FSH
LH
GnRH
Prolactin
Explanation - GnRH is secreted in pulses from the hypothalamus to stimulate FSH and LH secretion.
Correct answer is: GnRH
Q.16 Which structure carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra?
Seminal vesicle
Vas deferens
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral gland
Explanation - The vas deferens transports sperm during ejaculation.
Correct answer is: Vas deferens
Q.17 Which hormone promotes milk ejection from the breast?
Progesterone
Oxytocin
Prolactin
Estrogen
Explanation - Oxytocin stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cells to eject milk.
Correct answer is: Oxytocin
Q.18 The placenta produces which hormone to maintain pregnancy?
Testosterone
hCG
FSH
Thyroxine
Explanation - Placental hCG ensures corpus luteum maintenance and progesterone secretion.
Correct answer is: hCG
Q.19 Which reproductive structure stores sperm temporarily?
Seminal vesicle
Testes
Epididymis
Prostate
Explanation - The epididymis stores and matures sperm before ejaculation.
Correct answer is: Epididymis
Q.20 During which stage of labor is the baby delivered?
First stage
Second stage
Third stage
Latent stage
Explanation - The second stage of labor involves delivery of the fetus.
Correct answer is: Second stage
Q.21 What happens to the endometrium if fertilization does not occur?
It thickens further
It degenerates and is shed
It calcifies
It forms corpus luteum
Explanation - Without fertilization, progesterone levels drop and the endometrium is shed during menstruation.
Correct answer is: It degenerates and is shed
Q.22 Which hormone stimulates milk production?
Prolactin
Oxytocin
FSH
LH
Explanation - Prolactin, secreted by the anterior pituitary, stimulates milk synthesis.
Correct answer is: Prolactin
Q.23 Spermatogenesis occurs in which part of the testes?
Rete testis
Seminiferous tubules
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Explanation - Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules with support from Sertoli cells.
Correct answer is: Seminiferous tubules
Q.24 Which hormone prevents ovulation during pregnancy?
Prolactin
Estrogen and Progesterone
FSH
LH
Explanation - High levels of estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy inhibit FSH and LH secretion.
Correct answer is: Estrogen and Progesterone
Q.25 Which layer of the uterus is shed during menstruation?
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
Basal layer
Explanation - The functional layer of the endometrium is shed during menstruation.
Correct answer is: Endometrium