Q.1 Which of the following best defines physiology?
Study of body structure
Study of body functions
Study of diseases
Study of drugs
Explanation - Physiology is the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.
Correct answer is: Study of body functions
Q.2 Which is the basic functional unit of life in physiology?
Tissue
Cell
Organ
Organ system
Explanation - The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of life and the basis of all physiological processes.
Correct answer is: Cell
Q.3 Homeostasis refers to:
The process of growth
Maintenance of stable internal environment
Breakdown of food
Formation of energy
Explanation - Homeostasis is the ability of the body to maintain a constant internal environment despite external changes.
Correct answer is: Maintenance of stable internal environment
Q.4 Which scientist is considered the father of physiology?
Claude Bernard
William Harvey
Hippocrates
Galen
Explanation - Claude Bernard is known as the father of modern physiology for his work on internal environment and homeostasis.
Correct answer is: Claude Bernard
Q.5 Which of the following is NOT a level of organization in physiology?
Molecule
Organism
Cell
Planet
Explanation - The physiological organization follows: molecule → cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism. Planet is unrelated.
Correct answer is: Planet
Q.6 Which organ system is primarily responsible for oxygen exchange?
Digestive system
Respiratory system
Circulatory system
Nervous system
Explanation - The respiratory system facilitates oxygen intake and carbon dioxide removal through the lungs.
Correct answer is: Respiratory system
Q.7 What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
Transport of gases, nutrients, and wastes
Digestion of food
Coordination of movements
Control of hormones
Explanation - The cardiovascular system circulates blood, carrying oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body.
Correct answer is: Transport of gases, nutrients, and wastes
Q.8 Which body fluid acts as the medium of internal environment?
Cytoplasm
Plasma
Interstitial fluid
Lymph
Explanation - Interstitial fluid surrounds the cells and serves as the medium of exchange between blood and tissues.
Correct answer is: Interstitial fluid
Q.9 Which system is mainly responsible for body control and coordination?
Digestive system
Nervous system
Respiratory system
Urinary system
Explanation - The nervous system coordinates body activities by transmitting electrical signals quickly.
Correct answer is: Nervous system
Q.10 Which system produces hormones for regulation of body functions?
Endocrine system
Circulatory system
Skeletal system
Integumentary system
Explanation - The endocrine system regulates physiology through hormones secreted into the bloodstream.
Correct answer is: Endocrine system
Q.11 Which is the main energy currency of the cell?
ATP
ADP
Glucose
Oxygen
Explanation - Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stores and provides energy for cellular processes.
Correct answer is: ATP
Q.12 Physiology is closely related to which discipline?
Pharmacology
Anatomy
Pathology
All of the above
Explanation - Physiology interacts with anatomy (structure), pathology (disease), and pharmacology (drug actions).
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.13 Which organ acts as the control center for homeostasis?
Liver
Brain
Kidney
Heart
Explanation - The hypothalamus in the brain regulates many homeostatic processes like temperature and fluid balance.
Correct answer is: Brain
Q.14 Which is an example of negative feedback in physiology?
Blood clotting
Childbirth contractions
Regulation of body temperature
Nerve impulse propagation
Explanation - Negative feedback maintains stability, e.g., body temperature control. Positive feedback amplifies, e.g., childbirth.
Correct answer is: Regulation of body temperature
Q.15 Which is the approximate normal body temperature in humans?
36.5°C
37°C
38°C
39°C
Explanation - Normal human body temperature is around 37°C (98.6°F).
Correct answer is: 37°C
Q.16 The branch of physiology studying kidney function is called:
Neurophysiology
Renal physiology
Endocrinology
Cardiovascular physiology
Explanation - Renal physiology focuses on kidney function, filtration, and fluid balance.
Correct answer is: Renal physiology
Q.17 Which organ filters blood and produces urine?
Lungs
Heart
Kidneys
Liver
Explanation - Kidneys maintain fluid and electrolyte balance by filtering blood and forming urine.
Correct answer is: Kidneys
Q.18 Which body system is responsible for defense against infections?
Skeletal system
Immune system
Endocrine system
Respiratory system
Explanation - The immune system protects the body by identifying and destroying pathogens.
Correct answer is: Immune system
Q.19 What is the primary function of red blood cells?
Fight infection
Carry oxygen
Secrete hormones
Form blood clots
Explanation - Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which binds and transports oxygen.
Correct answer is: Carry oxygen
Q.20 Which is an example of extracellular fluid?
Cytoplasm
Interstitial fluid
Mitochondrial matrix
Nuclear fluid
Explanation - Extracellular fluid includes plasma and interstitial fluid outside the cells.
Correct answer is: Interstitial fluid
Q.21 Which physiological process generates heat in the body?
Photosynthesis
Metabolism
Filtration
Diffusion
Explanation - Metabolism of nutrients in cells generates energy and heat.
Correct answer is: Metabolism
Q.22 Which organ detoxifies harmful substances in the body?
Heart
Liver
Kidneys
Lungs
Explanation - The liver detoxifies toxins, metabolizes drugs, and produces bile.
Correct answer is: Liver
Q.23 Which system regulates long-term activities like growth and reproduction?
Endocrine system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Nervous system
Explanation - The endocrine system uses hormones to regulate long-term processes like growth and reproduction.
Correct answer is: Endocrine system
Q.24 Which fluid transports nutrients and hormones throughout the body?
Blood
Cerebrospinal fluid
Sweat
Saliva
Explanation - Blood is the transport medium for nutrients, gases, and hormones.
Correct answer is: Blood
Q.25 Which system provides structural support and aids in movement?
Skeletal system
Respiratory system
Nervous system
Circulatory system
Explanation - The skeletal system provides support, protects organs, and enables movement with muscles.
Correct answer is: Skeletal system