Q.1 What is the primary function of red blood cells (RBCs)?
Transport oxygen
Fight infections
Clot blood
Produce hormones
Explanation - Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which binds oxygen in the lungs and delivers it to tissues.
Correct answer is: Transport oxygen
Q.2 Which component of blood is responsible for clot formation?
Platelets
RBCs
Plasma proteins
White blood cells
Explanation - Platelets aggregate at the site of vessel injury and help initiate the clotting cascade.
Correct answer is: Platelets
Q.3 Which plasma protein is most abundant in the blood?
Fibrinogen
Albumin
Globulin
Hemoglobin
Explanation - Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein and helps maintain oncotic pressure and transport substances.
Correct answer is: Albumin
Q.4 Which white blood cell is primarily responsible for antibody production?
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
Explanation - B-lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies.
Correct answer is: Lymphocyte
Q.5 Hemoglobin is composed of heme and:
Iron
Globin
Albumin
Fibrinogen
Explanation - Hemoglobin consists of the heme group which binds iron and globin chains which form the protein structure.
Correct answer is: Globin
Q.6 What is the normal lifespan of a red blood cell?
10 days
30 days
120 days
180 days
Explanation - Red blood cells typically survive for around 120 days before being removed by the spleen.
Correct answer is: 120 days
Q.7 Which vitamin is essential for proper clotting of blood?
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Vitamin C
Explanation - Vitamin K is required for synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X in the liver.
Correct answer is: Vitamin K
Q.8 Which type of anemia is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency?
Iron deficiency anemia
Pernicious anemia
Hemolytic anemia
Aplastic anemia
Explanation - Vitamin B12 deficiency impairs DNA synthesis in RBCs leading to large, immature RBCs typical of pernicious anemia.
Correct answer is: Pernicious anemia
Q.9 Which type of white blood cell increases during parasitic infections?
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes
Explanation - Eosinophils are involved in defense against parasitic infections and allergic reactions.
Correct answer is: Eosinophils
Q.10 Which component of blood transports nutrients, hormones, and waste products?
Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Explanation - Plasma is the liquid portion of blood that carries nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.
Correct answer is: Plasma
Q.11 Which organ is primarily responsible for the destruction of aged red blood cells?
Liver
Spleen
Kidney
Bone marrow
Explanation - The spleen removes old or damaged red blood cells from circulation.
Correct answer is: Spleen
Q.12 The process of white blood cells leaving the blood vessels to fight infection is called:
Phagocytosis
Diapedesis
Agglutination
Coagulation
Explanation - Diapedesis is the process by which leukocytes move out of the bloodstream into tissues to reach the site of infection.
Correct answer is: Diapedesis
Q.13 Which hormone regulates red blood cell production?
Erythropoietin
Insulin
Thyroxine
Calcitonin
Explanation - Erythropoietin, produced by the kidneys, stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells.
Correct answer is: Erythropoietin
Q.14 Hemostasis refers to:
Blood pressure regulation
Formation of blood cells
Stopping of bleeding
Immune response
Explanation - Hemostasis is the process that stops bleeding by vasoconstriction, platelet plug formation, and coagulation.
Correct answer is: Stopping of bleeding
Q.15 Which blood type is considered the universal donor?
O-
O+
AB-
AB+
Explanation - O-negative blood lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, making it compatible with any recipient.
Correct answer is: O-
Q.16 What is the primary function of red blood cells?
Immune defense
Transport oxygen
Blood clotting
Hormone transport
Explanation - Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds oxygen in the lungs and delivers it to tissues.
Correct answer is: Transport oxygen
Q.17 Which component of blood is responsible for clot formation?
Platelets
Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Explanation - Platelets aggregate at injury sites and release factors that promote blood clotting.
Correct answer is: Platelets
Q.18 Which white blood cell is primarily responsible for producing antibodies?
Neutrophils
B lymphocytes
Eosinophils
Monocytes
Explanation - B cells differentiate into plasma cells, which secrete antibodies for immune defense.
Correct answer is: B lymphocytes
Q.19 The normal lifespan of a red blood cell is approximately:
10 days
30 days
120 days
365 days
Explanation - Red blood cells survive for about 120 days before being removed by the spleen.
Correct answer is: 120 days
Q.20 Hemoglobin is composed of:
Four heme groups and four globin chains
Two heme groups and two globin chains
Only iron ions
Platelet granules
Explanation - Hemoglobin has four heme groups, each with an iron atom, bound to four polypeptide chains.
Correct answer is: Four heme groups and four globin chains
Q.21 Which type of anemia is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency?
Iron-deficiency anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Hemolytic anemia
Aplastic anemia
Explanation - Vitamin B12 deficiency impairs DNA synthesis, leading to abnormally large red blood cells.
Correct answer is: Megaloblastic anemia