Q.1 Which of the following is caused by a virus?
Tuberculosis
Malaria
Influenza
Ringworm
Explanation - Influenza is caused by the influenza virus, while tuberculosis is bacterial, malaria is protozoal, and ringworm is fungal.
Correct answer is: Influenza
Q.2 What is the primary mode of transmission for hepatitis B?
Airborne droplets
Contaminated water
Blood and body fluids
Insect bite
Explanation - Hepatitis B virus is mainly transmitted via blood, sexual contact, and other body fluids.
Correct answer is: Blood and body fluids
Q.3 Which bacterium is responsible for causing cholera?
Vibrio cholerae
Salmonella typhi
Escherichia coli
Clostridium tetani
Explanation - Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae, which produces toxins leading to severe watery diarrhea.
Correct answer is: Vibrio cholerae
Q.4 Which of the following is NOT a symptom of tuberculosis?
Night sweats
Weight loss
Hemoptysis
Skin rash
Explanation - Tuberculosis primarily affects the lungs, causing cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and sometimes hemoptysis. Skin rash is not typical.
Correct answer is: Skin rash
Q.5 Which parasite causes malaria?
Plasmodium
Trypanosoma
Leishmania
Giardia
Explanation - Malaria is caused by Plasmodium species, transmitted by the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes.
Correct answer is: Plasmodium
Q.6 Which of the following is an example of a fungal infection?
Candidiasis
Measles
Dengue
Pertussis
Explanation - Candidiasis is caused by Candida species, a type of fungus. Measles is viral, dengue is viral, and pertussis is bacterial.
Correct answer is: Candidiasis
Q.7 The causative agent of Lyme disease is transmitted by:
Ticks
Mosquitoes
Flies
Rodents
Explanation - Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, transmitted by Ixodes ticks.
Correct answer is: Ticks
Q.8 Which viral infection is characterized by Koplik spots?
Measles
Mumps
Rubella
Chickenpox
Explanation - Koplik spots are small white lesions inside the mouth, characteristic of measles.
Correct answer is: Measles
Q.9 What is the main reservoir for Salmonella typhi?
Humans
Cattle
Birds
Rodents
Explanation - Salmonella typhi is primarily a human pathogen, transmitted via contaminated food and water.
Correct answer is: Humans
Q.10 Which disease is caused by Mycobacterium leprae?
Leprosy
Tuberculosis
Anthrax
Tetanus
Explanation - Mycobacterium leprae infects peripheral nerves and skin, leading to leprosy.
Correct answer is: Leprosy
Q.11 Which of the following is a vector-borne viral infection?
Dengue
Hepatitis A
Influenza
Cholera
Explanation - Dengue virus is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Hepatitis A is fecal-oral, influenza is airborne, cholera is waterborne.
Correct answer is: Dengue
Q.12 What is the incubation period of rabies in humans?
1-3 days
1-3 weeks
1-3 months
6-12 months
Explanation - Rabies virus has a variable incubation period, usually 1-3 months, depending on the site of bite and viral load.
Correct answer is: 1-3 months
Q.13 Which of the following is a common symptom of tetanus?
Muscle rigidity
Cough
Diarrhea
Rash
Explanation - Tetanus, caused by Clostridium tetani, leads to muscle spasms and rigidity.
Correct answer is: Muscle rigidity
Q.14 Which pathogen causes whooping cough?
Bordetella pertussis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Explanation - Bordetella pertussis is a bacterial pathogen causing pertussis, also known as whooping cough.
Correct answer is: Bordetella pertussis
Q.15 Which of the following infections is transmitted via the fecal-oral route?
Hepatitis A
HIV
Influenza
Tuberculosis
Explanation - Hepatitis A virus is transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food or water.
Correct answer is: Hepatitis A
Q.16 Which of the following organisms is a spirochete?
Treponema pallidum
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Candida albicans
Explanation - Treponema pallidum is a spirochete bacterium that causes syphilis.
Correct answer is: Treponema pallidum
Q.17 Which fungal infection primarily affects immunocompromised patients?
Aspergillosis
Athlete's foot
Ringworm
Candidiasis of the mouth
Explanation - Aspergillosis is caused by Aspergillus species and commonly affects immunocompromised individuals.
Correct answer is: Aspergillosis
Q.18 Which of the following causes epidemic typhus?
Rickettsia prowazekii
Rickettsia rickettsii
Coxiella burnetii
Chlamydia trachomatis
Explanation - Epidemic typhus is caused by Rickettsia prowazekii and transmitted by human body lice.
Correct answer is: Rickettsia prowazekii
Q.19 Which disease is characterized by a bull’s-eye rash after a tick bite?
Lyme disease
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Tularemia
Ehrlichiosis
Explanation - Lyme disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi often shows erythema migrans, a bull’s-eye rash.
Correct answer is: Lyme disease
Q.20 Which of the following is a zoonotic disease?
Brucellosis
Influenza A
Measles
Poliomyelitis
Explanation - Brucellosis is transmitted from animals (like cattle and goats) to humans, making it zoonotic.
Correct answer is: Brucellosis
Q.21 Which pathogen is primarily responsible for hospital-acquired pneumonia?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Influenza virus
Hepatitis B virus
Explanation - Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of nosocomial (hospital-acquired) pneumonia, especially in ventilated patients.
Correct answer is: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Q.22 Which of the following is the causative agent of fungal meningitis outbreaks linked to contaminated steroid injections?
Exserohilum rostratum
Candida albicans
Aspergillus fumigatus
Cryptococcus neoformans
Explanation - Exserohilum rostratum, a mold, caused fungal meningitis outbreaks due to contaminated steroid injections in the USA in 2012.
Correct answer is: Exserohilum rostratum
Q.23 Which infection is commonly associated with a ‘strawberry tongue’?
Scarlet fever
Diphtheria
Measles
Pertussis
Explanation - Scarlet fever, caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, presents with fever, rash, and a characteristic strawberry-like tongue.
Correct answer is: Scarlet fever
Q.24 Which of the following is an RNA virus?
Hepatitis C virus
Hepatitis B virus
Human papillomavirus
Herpes simplex virus
Explanation - Hepatitis C virus has an RNA genome, while Hepatitis B has DNA, and HPV and herpes viruses also have DNA genomes.
Correct answer is: Hepatitis C virus