Q.1 What is the primary purpose of a vaccine?
To cure existing infections
To prevent infections
To treat cancer
To reduce fever
Explanation - Vaccines are designed to stimulate the immune system to provide protection against future infections, not to cure existing ones.
Correct answer is: To prevent infections
Q.2 Which component of the immune system is mainly activated by vaccines?
Red blood cells
Neutrophils
B and T lymphocytes
Platelets
Explanation - Vaccines activate adaptive immunity, involving B cells that produce antibodies and T cells that provide cellular immunity.
Correct answer is: B and T lymphocytes
Q.3 What type of immunity is provided by vaccination?
Innate immunity
Passive immunity
Adaptive immunity
Artificial passive immunity
Explanation - Vaccines stimulate adaptive immunity by creating memory cells that recognize and respond faster to pathogens in future exposures.
Correct answer is: Adaptive immunity
Q.4 Which of the following is an example of a live attenuated vaccine?
Polio (IPV)
MMR vaccine
Tetanus toxoid
Hepatitis B vaccine
Explanation - The MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) vaccine is live attenuated, meaning it contains weakened but live viruses.
Correct answer is: MMR vaccine
Q.5 What does 'attenuated' mean in vaccines?
Killed virus
Weakened virus or bacteria
Genetically modified virus
Virus fragments
Explanation - Attenuated means the pathogen is alive but weakened so it cannot cause disease in healthy individuals.
Correct answer is: Weakened virus or bacteria
Q.6 Which of the following is an inactivated vaccine?
BCG
Oral polio (OPV)
Rabies vaccine
Yellow fever vaccine
Explanation - The rabies vaccine contains inactivated virus particles, incapable of replication but still immunogenic.
Correct answer is: Rabies vaccine
Q.7 Which type of vaccine uses only a piece of the pathogen, like proteins?
Live attenuated
Inactivated
Subunit
DNA vaccine
Explanation - Subunit vaccines use parts of pathogens such as proteins to trigger immune responses without using the whole organism.
Correct answer is: Subunit
Q.8 The first vaccine ever developed was against which disease?
Smallpox
Polio
Measles
Rabies
Explanation - Edward Jenner developed the first vaccine in 1796 against smallpox using cowpox material.
Correct answer is: Smallpox
Q.9 What is herd immunity?
Immunity in newborns from mothers
Community-level protection when most are immunized
Genetic resistance to disease
Resistance after natural infection
Explanation - Herd immunity occurs when enough individuals in a population are immune, reducing the spread and protecting unvaccinated individuals.
Correct answer is: Community-level protection when most are immunized
Q.10 Which vaccine is recommended at birth?
BCG
MMR
Tetanus
Hepatitis A
Explanation - The BCG vaccine against tuberculosis is given soon after birth in many countries as part of national immunization schedules.
Correct answer is: BCG
Q.11 Which route is commonly used for administering the oral polio vaccine?
Intravenous
Intramuscular
Oral drops
Subcutaneous
Explanation - The oral polio vaccine (OPV) is given as drops by mouth, making it easy to administer in mass campaigns.
Correct answer is: Oral drops
Q.12 Which vaccine prevents cervical cancer?
Hepatitis B
HPV vaccine
BCG
Polio vaccine
Explanation - The HPV vaccine protects against human papillomavirus, a major cause of cervical cancer.
Correct answer is: HPV vaccine
Q.13 Booster doses are given to:
Prevent adverse effects
Strengthen and prolong immunity
Weaken the immune system
Replace initial vaccination
Explanation - Booster doses remind the immune system of the pathogen, enhancing memory and immunity duration.
Correct answer is: Strengthen and prolong immunity
Q.14 What is the function of adjuvants in vaccines?
Kill pathogens
Enhance immune response
Reduce fever
Prevent allergic reactions
Explanation - Adjuvants are added to vaccines to improve the strength and duration of the immune response.
Correct answer is: Enhance immune response
Q.15 Which immunoglobulin is mainly produced after vaccination?
IgA
IgM
IgE
IgG
Explanation - IgG provides long-term immunity and is the major antibody produced after vaccination.
Correct answer is: IgG
Q.16 Which of the following is a toxoid vaccine?
Tetanus vaccine
Hepatitis B vaccine
Polio vaccine
Influenza vaccine
Explanation - Toxoid vaccines like tetanus and diphtheria use inactivated toxins to trigger immunity.
Correct answer is: Tetanus vaccine
Q.17 Why are live attenuated vaccines not recommended for immunocompromised individuals?
They have no effect
They may cause disease
They are too weak
They are not available
Explanation - Immunocompromised individuals cannot control even weakened pathogens, leading to risk of infection.
Correct answer is: They may cause disease
Q.18 What does IPV stand for in vaccination?
Intravenous Polio Vaccine
Inactivated Polio Vaccine
Initial Protection Vaccine
Immune Potent Vaccine
Explanation - IPV is the inactivated polio vaccine, which uses killed virus to protect against polio.
Correct answer is: Inactivated Polio Vaccine
Q.19 Which of the following diseases has been eradicated globally due to vaccination?
Polio
Smallpox
Measles
Tuberculosis
Explanation - Smallpox was declared eradicated in 1980 after a successful global vaccination campaign.
Correct answer is: Smallpox
Q.20 What type of vaccine is the Hepatitis B vaccine?
Live attenuated
Inactivated
Subunit (recombinant)
Toxoid
Explanation - The Hepatitis B vaccine is a recombinant subunit vaccine made using yeast cells to produce viral proteins.
Correct answer is: Subunit (recombinant)
Q.21 Which of the following is a conjugate vaccine?
Pneumococcal vaccine
MMR vaccine
BCG vaccine
Rabies vaccine
Explanation - Conjugate vaccines like the pneumococcal vaccine link polysaccharides to proteins for better immune responses in children.
Correct answer is: Pneumococcal vaccine
Q.22 Why do newborns sometimes have temporary immunity?
Maternal antibodies transfer via placenta
They produce strong IgM
They get vaccines at birth
They have innate resistance
Explanation - Mothers transfer IgG antibodies to the fetus across the placenta, providing temporary passive immunity.
Correct answer is: Maternal antibodies transfer via placenta
Q.23 What does the cold chain in immunization programs refer to?
Freezing vaccines
Keeping vaccines at the right temperature
Transporting vaccines quickly
Delivering vaccines in winter
Explanation - The cold chain ensures vaccines remain effective by maintaining proper storage temperatures during transport and storage.
Correct answer is: Keeping vaccines at the right temperature
Q.24 Which of the following vaccines is given intradermally?
Polio
Hepatitis B
BCG
Rabies
Explanation - The BCG vaccine is administered intradermally, usually on the upper arm.
Correct answer is: BCG
Q.25 Which part of the immune system provides long-term protection after vaccination?
Natural killer cells
Memory cells
Complement system
Neutrophils
Explanation - Vaccines generate memory B and T cells, which allow the immune system to respond rapidly upon re-exposure.
Correct answer is: Memory cells