Q.1 Which cytokine is primarily responsible for the differentiation of naive T cells into Th1 cells?
IL-4
IL-12
IL-10
TGF-β
Explanation - IL-12 is secreted by dendritic cells and macrophages and promotes differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into Th1 cells, which are crucial for cell-mediated immunity.
Correct answer is: IL-12
Q.2 Which chemokine is known for recruiting neutrophils to sites of inflammation?
CCL2
CXCL8
CXCL12
CCL5
Explanation - CXCL8 (also known as IL-8) is a chemokine that acts as a chemoattractant specifically for neutrophils, directing them to sites of infection or tissue damage.
Correct answer is: CXCL8
Q.3 Which cytokine is a key mediator of fever during infection?
IL-1
IL-6
TNF-α
All of the above
Explanation - IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α are pyrogenic cytokines that act on the hypothalamus to induce fever during infections.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.4 Which chemokine receptor is expressed on naive T cells for homing to lymph nodes?
CCR7
CXCR4
CCR5
CXCR1
Explanation - CCR7 is expressed on naive T cells and guides their migration to lymph nodes where they encounter antigen-presenting cells.
Correct answer is: CCR7
Q.5 Which cytokine is mainly involved in B cell proliferation and antibody production?
IL-2
IL-4
IL-12
IFN-γ
Explanation - IL-4 is produced by Th2 cells and promotes B cell proliferation, differentiation, and class switching to IgE and IgG1.
Correct answer is: IL-4
Q.6 Which cytokine is essential for the development and maintenance of regulatory T cells?
IL-10
TGF-β
IL-6
IL-17
Explanation - TGF-β is crucial for inducing and maintaining regulatory T cells (Tregs), which help in immune tolerance and preventing autoimmunity.
Correct answer is: TGF-β
Q.7 Which chemokine is primarily responsible for attracting monocytes to sites of inflammation?
CCL2
CXCL8
CCL5
CXCL10
Explanation - CCL2 (MCP-1) is a chemokine that recruits monocytes from the blood to sites of tissue injury or infection.
Correct answer is: CCL2
Q.8 Which cytokine is a major driver of acute phase protein production in the liver?
IL-1
IL-6
TNF-α
IL-12
Explanation - IL-6 stimulates hepatocytes to produce acute phase proteins, such as CRP and fibrinogen, during systemic inflammation.
Correct answer is: IL-6
Q.9 Which chemokine plays a major role in T cell recruitment to inflamed tissues in viral infections?
CXCL10
CCL3
CCL19
CXCL12
Explanation - CXCL10 (IP-10) is induced by IFN-γ and attracts activated T cells expressing CXCR3 to sites of viral infection.
Correct answer is: CXCL10
Q.10 Which cytokine is primarily anti-inflammatory?
IL-1
IL-6
IL-10
TNF-α
Explanation - IL-10 suppresses the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and helps in limiting immune-mediated tissue damage.
Correct answer is: IL-10
Q.11 Which cytokine family signals through the JAK-STAT pathway and regulates hematopoiesis?
TNF family
IL-2 family
TGF-β family
Chemokine family
Explanation - Cytokines like IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, and IL-15 signal via the JAK-STAT pathway and are crucial for lymphocyte proliferation and hematopoiesis.
Correct answer is: IL-2 family
Q.12 Which chemokine is also known as RANTES and recruits T cells, eosinophils, and basophils?
CCL3
CCL5
CXCL8
CCL2
Explanation - CCL5 (RANTES) is a chemokine that attracts T cells, eosinophils, and basophils during inflammatory responses.
Correct answer is: CCL5
Q.13 Which cytokine is responsible for activating macrophages to increase microbial killing?
IL-4
IL-12
IFN-γ
IL-10
Explanation - IFN-γ produced by Th1 cells activates macrophages, enhancing their phagocytic and microbicidal activity.
Correct answer is: IFN-γ
Q.14 Which chemokine is constitutively expressed in bone marrow and lymphoid organs to regulate cell homing?
CXCL12
CCL2
CXCL10
CCL5
Explanation - CXCL12 (SDF-1) is expressed in bone marrow and lymphoid tissues and guides hematopoietic cells and lymphocytes via CXCR4.
Correct answer is: CXCL12
Q.15 Which cytokine is a key inducer of Th17 cell differentiation?
IL-4
IL-6
IL-12
TGF-β
Explanation - IL-6 in combination with TGF-β promotes differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into Th17 cells, important in inflammation and autoimmunity.
Correct answer is: IL-6
Q.16 Which chemokine is involved in lymphocyte egress from lymph nodes into the blood?
S1P
CXCL13
CCL19
CXCL12
Explanation - Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid mediator, not a classical chemokine, that binds S1P receptors to regulate lymphocyte exit from lymphoid organs.
Correct answer is: S1P
Q.17 Which cytokine is predominantly involved in eosinophil activation and allergic responses?
IL-5
IL-17
IFN-γ
IL-2
Explanation - IL-5 is secreted by Th2 cells and stimulates growth, differentiation, and activation of eosinophils, playing a central role in allergies and asthma.
Correct answer is: IL-5
Q.18 Which chemokine plays a crucial role in germinal center formation in lymph nodes?
CXCL13
CCL19
CCL21
CXCL8
Explanation - CXCL13 is secreted in B cell follicles and recruits CXCR5+ B cells and Tfh cells to form germinal centers.
Correct answer is: CXCL13
Q.19 Which cytokine can inhibit Th1 responses and promote Th2 differentiation?
IL-12
IL-4
IFN-γ
IL-17
Explanation - IL-4 promotes Th2 differentiation and can suppress Th1 responses, influencing antibody-mediated immunity.
Correct answer is: IL-4
Q.20 Which chemokine is essential for dendritic cell migration from tissues to lymph nodes?
CCL19
CXCL8
CXCL12
CCL5
Explanation - CCL19 binds CCR7 on dendritic cells, guiding their migration from peripheral tissues to lymph nodes for antigen presentation.
Correct answer is: CCL19
Q.21 Which cytokine family includes TNF-α and lymphotoxin and is involved in inflammation and apoptosis?
TNF family
IL-1 family
TGF-β family
IL-10 family
Explanation - The TNF family includes pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and lymphotoxin, which play roles in apoptosis, inflammation, and immune regulation.
Correct answer is: TNF family
Q.22 Which cytokine is critical for the antiviral response and activation of NK cells?
IL-12
IFN-α/β
IL-10
IL-6
Explanation - Type I interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β) are produced by virus-infected cells and activate NK cells and antiviral defenses.
Correct answer is: IFN-α/β
Q.23 Which chemokine is primarily involved in recruiting memory T cells to inflamed tissues?
CCL5
CXCL10
CCL19
CXCL12
Explanation - CCL5 (RANTES) recruits memory T cells and other leukocytes to sites of chronic inflammation.
Correct answer is: CCL5
Q.24 Which cytokine is a major regulator of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation?
IL-3
IL-4
IL-17
IL-10
Explanation - IL-3 is a multi-lineage colony-stimulating factor that promotes proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells.
Correct answer is: IL-3