Q.1 Who is known as the father of genetics?
Charles Darwin
Gregor Mendel
Louis Pasteur
James Watson
Explanation - Gregor Mendel is considered the father of genetics due to his foundational experiments with pea plants.
Correct answer is: Gregor Mendel
Q.2 What are the basic units of heredity?
Chromosomes
Genes
Proteins
Cells
Explanation - Genes are the basic hereditary units that carry genetic information.
Correct answer is: Genes
Q.3 What is the molecule that carries genetic information?
RNA
Protein
DNA
Lipid
Explanation - DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) carries the genetic instructions for growth and development.
Correct answer is: DNA
Q.4 Where is DNA found inside the cell?
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Explanation - In eukaryotic cells, most DNA is located inside the nucleus.
Correct answer is: Nucleus
Q.5 What is a phenotype?
Genetic makeup
Physical traits
DNA sequence
Cell structure
Explanation - Phenotype refers to observable characteristics like eye color or height.
Correct answer is: Physical traits
Q.6 What is a genotype?
Observable trait
Chemical reaction
Genetic constitution
Cellular process
Explanation - Genotype refers to the genetic composition of an organism that determines its traits.
Correct answer is: Genetic constitution
Q.7 How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
22
23
24
46
Explanation - Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, making 46 in total.
Correct answer is: 23
Q.8 What are alleles?
Different forms of a gene
Types of chromosomes
Parts of DNA
Protein molecules
Explanation - Alleles are alternative forms of a gene that result in different traits.
Correct answer is: Different forms of a gene
Q.9 Which of the following is a dominant trait?
Widow’s peak
Attached earlobes
Blue eyes
Straight hairline
Explanation - Widow’s peak is a common example of a dominant inherited trait.
Correct answer is: Widow’s peak
Q.10 What is Mendel’s law of segregation?
Genes blend during inheritance
Alleles separate during gamete formation
DNA replicates itself
Traits skip generations
Explanation - Mendel’s law of segregation states that alleles separate during gamete formation and recombine during fertilization.
Correct answer is: Alleles separate during gamete formation
Q.11 Which base pairs with adenine in DNA?
Cytosine
Guanine
Thymine
Uracil
Explanation - In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine through hydrogen bonds.
Correct answer is: Thymine
Q.12 Which base pairs with adenine in RNA?
Cytosine
Uracil
Thymine
Guanine
Explanation - In RNA, adenine pairs with uracil instead of thymine.
Correct answer is: Uracil
Q.13 What does DNA replication ensure?
Energy production
Identical genetic material in cells
Protein synthesis
Cell movement
Explanation - DNA replication allows each new cell to receive an identical set of genetic instructions.
Correct answer is: Identical genetic material in cells
Q.14 What is a mutation?
A change in DNA sequence
A change in protein folding
A normal trait
An adaptation
Explanation - Mutation refers to an alteration in the DNA sequence, which may affect traits.
Correct answer is: A change in DNA sequence
Q.15 What is the human genome?
All proteins in humans
All chromosomes in humans
Complete set of human DNA
Only mitochondrial DNA
Explanation - The human genome is the complete set of genetic information in humans.
Correct answer is: Complete set of human DNA
Q.16 What is a karyotype?
The study of proteins
A chart of chromosomes
DNA replication process
RNA transcription
Explanation - A karyotype is an organized profile of chromosomes used to study genetic abnormalities.
Correct answer is: A chart of chromosomes
Q.17 What is an example of a sex-linked trait?
Height
Eye color
Color blindness
Blood type
Explanation - Color blindness is an X-linked trait, inherited more commonly in males.
Correct answer is: Color blindness
Q.18 Which scientist discovered the structure of DNA?
Gregor Mendel
Charles Darwin
Watson and Crick
Louis Pasteur
Explanation - James Watson and Francis Crick proposed the double-helix model of DNA in 1953.
Correct answer is: Watson and Crick
Q.19 What shape is the DNA molecule?
Single helix
Double helix
Triple helix
Straight chain
Explanation - DNA has a double-helix structure with two strands twisted around each other.
Correct answer is: Double helix
Q.20 Which type of cell division produces gametes?
Mitosis
Binary fission
Meiosis
Cytokinesis
Explanation - Meiosis produces gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the chromosome number.
Correct answer is: Meiosis
Q.21 Which type of cell division is responsible for growth?
Meiosis
Mitosis
Binary fission
Replication
Explanation - Mitosis produces identical cells for growth and repair.
Correct answer is: Mitosis
Q.22 Which scientist worked on fruit flies to study inheritance?
Gregor Mendel
Thomas Hunt Morgan
Watson
Darwin
Explanation - Thomas Hunt Morgan’s experiments with fruit flies revealed sex-linked traits.
Correct answer is: Thomas Hunt Morgan
Q.23 What is genetic recombination?
Formation of proteins
Crossing over of chromosomes
Mutation of genes
Replication of DNA
Explanation - Genetic recombination occurs during meiosis when homologous chromosomes exchange DNA.
Correct answer is: Crossing over of chromosomes
Q.24 What is the role of RNA?
Store genetic material
Transport oxygen
Aid protein synthesis
Provide energy
Explanation - RNA helps in protein synthesis by carrying genetic instructions from DNA.
Correct answer is: Aid protein synthesis
Q.25 What is transcription?
DNA copying itself
Synthesis of RNA from DNA
Protein folding
Cell division
Explanation - Transcription is the process where RNA is formed from a DNA template.
Correct answer is: Synthesis of RNA from DNA