Q.1 Which mineral is the most abundant in the human body?
Iron
Calcium
Sodium
Phosphorus
Explanation - Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body, primarily stored in bones and teeth, and also essential for muscle contraction and nerve function.
Correct answer is: Calcium
Q.2 Which electrolyte is the major extracellular cation?
Potassium
Calcium
Sodium
Magnesium
Explanation - Sodium is the major extracellular cation, playing a vital role in fluid balance and nerve impulse transmission.
Correct answer is: Sodium
Q.3 Deficiency of which mineral can lead to goiter?
Iodine
Zinc
Magnesium
Iron
Explanation - Iodine deficiency causes enlargement of the thyroid gland, leading to goiter.
Correct answer is: Iodine
Q.4 Hypokalemia refers to a low level of which electrolyte?
Sodium
Calcium
Potassium
Chloride
Explanation - Hypokalemia means decreased serum potassium levels, which can cause muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias.
Correct answer is: Potassium
Q.5 Which mineral is essential for oxygen transport in blood?
Magnesium
Iron
Calcium
Zinc
Explanation - Iron is a key component of hemoglobin, which binds and transports oxygen in red blood cells.
Correct answer is: Iron
Q.6 Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with dehydration?
Hyponatremia
Hypocalcemia
Hypokalemia
Hypophosphatemia
Explanation - Dehydration often leads to sodium imbalance, particularly hyponatremia in severe cases.
Correct answer is: Hyponatremia
Q.7 Magnesium acts as a cofactor for which type of biomolecules?
Hormones
Enzymes
Lipids
Proteins
Explanation - Magnesium is an essential cofactor for many enzymatic reactions, especially those involving ATP.
Correct answer is: Enzymes
Q.8 Which mineral deficiency leads to anemia?
Calcium
Iron
Magnesium
Zinc
Explanation - Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia worldwide due to decreased hemoglobin synthesis.
Correct answer is: Iron
Q.9 Hypernatremia refers to high levels of which ion in blood?
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Explanation - Hypernatremia means increased sodium concentration in the blood, often due to dehydration or excessive salt intake.
Correct answer is: Sodium
Q.10 Which mineral is critical for thyroid hormone synthesis?
Iodine
Iron
Zinc
Copper
Explanation - Iodine is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones T3 and T4.
Correct answer is: Iodine
Q.11 Which electrolyte is the major intracellular cation?
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Chloride
Explanation - Potassium is the most abundant intracellular cation, crucial for maintaining cell function and electrical activity.
Correct answer is: Potassium
Q.12 Deficiency of which mineral can cause rickets?
Calcium
Iron
Magnesium
Phosphorus
Explanation - Calcium deficiency during growth leads to poor bone mineralization, causing rickets.
Correct answer is: Calcium
Q.13 Which mineral is an essential component of hemoglobin?
Iron
Calcium
Zinc
Copper
Explanation - Iron is a core component of hemoglobin's heme group, necessary for oxygen binding.
Correct answer is: Iron
Q.14 Hyperkalemia is dangerous because it primarily affects which organ?
Liver
Heart
Kidney
Lung
Explanation - Hyperkalemia causes life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias due to altered electrical conduction.
Correct answer is: Heart
Q.15 Which trace element is necessary for insulin function?
Zinc
Iron
Iodine
Copper
Explanation - Zinc is essential for insulin storage and secretion, and zinc deficiency can impair glucose metabolism.
Correct answer is: Zinc
Q.16 Osteoporosis is commonly associated with deficiency of which mineral?
Iron
Calcium
Magnesium
Sodium
Explanation - Calcium deficiency, especially in elderly people, contributes to decreased bone density and osteoporosis.
Correct answer is: Calcium
Q.17 Which mineral is part of cytochrome enzymes and aids in electron transport?
Magnesium
Iron
Zinc
Calcium
Explanation - Iron is present in cytochromes, which are essential for electron transport in mitochondria.
Correct answer is: Iron
Q.18 Which electrolyte is the major extracellular anion?
Bicarbonate
Phosphate
Chloride
Sulfate
Explanation - Chloride is the main extracellular anion, balancing sodium and maintaining osmotic pressure.
Correct answer is: Chloride
Q.19 Wilson's disease is associated with abnormal metabolism of which mineral?
Zinc
Iron
Copper
Magnesium
Explanation - Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder of copper metabolism, leading to its accumulation in liver and brain.
Correct answer is: Copper
Q.20 Which mineral deficiency causes delayed wound healing?
Zinc
Iron
Magnesium
Iodine
Explanation - Zinc deficiency impairs cell proliferation and immune function, leading to delayed wound healing.
Correct answer is: Zinc
Q.21 Which electrolyte is crucial for nerve impulse conduction?
Sodium
Iron
Calcium
Magnesium
Explanation - Sodium plays a central role in generating action potentials required for nerve signaling.
Correct answer is: Sodium
Q.22 What is the normal serum sodium concentration range?
90-110 mmol/L
135-145 mmol/L
150-170 mmol/L
100-120 mmol/L
Explanation - Normal serum sodium concentration is tightly regulated between 135–145 mmol/L.
Correct answer is: 135-145 mmol/L
Q.23 Which electrolyte imbalance is seen in Addison's disease?
Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia
Hypernatremia and hypokalemia
Hypocalcemia
Hypophosphatemia
Explanation - Addison's disease leads to aldosterone deficiency, causing sodium loss and potassium retention.
Correct answer is: Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia
Q.24 Which mineral is essential for bone mineralization along with calcium?
Phosphorus
Iron
Zinc
Magnesium
Explanation - Phosphorus combines with calcium to form hydroxyapatite, strengthening bones and teeth.
Correct answer is: Phosphorus
Q.25 Excess fluoride intake leads to which condition?
Goiter
Fluorosis
Rickets
Anemia
Explanation - High fluoride intake causes fluorosis, which affects teeth and bones.
Correct answer is: Fluorosis