Q.1 What is the primary function of insulin in the body?
Increase blood sugar levels
Decrease blood sugar levels
Regulate sodium balance
Enhance fat breakdown
Explanation - Insulin is a hormone that helps lower blood glucose levels by promoting its uptake into cells for energy production and storage.
Correct answer is: Decrease blood sugar levels
Q.2 Which enzyme is primarily involved in the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate?
Hexokinase
Pyruvate kinase
Phosphofructokinase
Glycogen synthase
Explanation - Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the final step in glycolysis, converting phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate.
Correct answer is: Pyruvate kinase
Q.3 What is the main site of synthesis for albumin?
Kidney
Liver
Heart
Lungs
Explanation - Albumin is primarily synthesized in the liver and plays a key role in maintaining osmotic pressure and transporting molecules in the blood.
Correct answer is: Liver
Q.4 Which of the following is a cofactor for the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase?
NAD+
FAD
Coenzyme A
All of the above
Explanation - Pyruvate dehydrogenase requires NAD+, FAD, and Coenzyme A as cofactors to convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.5 Which molecule is responsible for carrying fatty acids into the mitochondria for beta-oxidation?
Carnitine
Acetyl-CoA
Coenzyme A
ATP
Explanation - Carnitine transports fatty acids into the mitochondria, where they undergo beta-oxidation to generate ATP.
Correct answer is: Carnitine
Q.6 What is the end product of glycolysis in the absence of oxygen?
Lactate
Acetyl-CoA
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Explanation - In anaerobic conditions, glycolysis produces lactate instead of proceeding to the citric acid cycle.
Correct answer is: Lactate
Q.7 Which of the following is the primary storage form of glucose in the body?
Glucose
Fructose
Glycogen
Lactose
Explanation - Glycogen is the primary form in which glucose is stored in the liver and muscles.
Correct answer is: Glycogen
Q.8 Which vitamin deficiency is associated with the condition known as scurvy?
Vitamin A
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Explanation - Scurvy is caused by a deficiency in vitamin C, leading to symptoms like bleeding gums and poor wound healing.
Correct answer is: Vitamin C
Q.9 The urea cycle primarily occurs in which organ?
Liver
Kidney
Pancreas
Stomach
Explanation - The urea cycle occurs in the liver and is responsible for converting ammonia into urea for excretion in urine.
Correct answer is: Liver
Q.10 Which of the following molecules acts as an allosteric activator of phosphofructokinase-1 in glycolysis?
Citrate
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate
ATP
G6P
Explanation - Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate activates phosphofructokinase-1, accelerating glycolysis when glucose is abundant.
Correct answer is: Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate
Q.11 What is the primary role of lipoproteins in the body?
Transport vitamins
Transport triglycerides and cholesterol
Synthesize fatty acids
Regulate blood sugar
Explanation - Lipoproteins carry triglycerides and cholesterol through the bloodstream, aiding in fat metabolism.
Correct answer is: Transport triglycerides and cholesterol
Q.12 Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate?
Hexokinase
Glucose-6-phosphatase
Pyruvate kinase
Phosphoglucoisomerase
Explanation - Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose-6-phosphate, a key step in glycolysis.
Correct answer is: Hexokinase
Q.13 Which compound is produced during the breakdown of purines in the body?
Uric acid
Urea
Lactate
Acetyl-CoA
Explanation - The breakdown of purines results in the formation of uric acid, which is excreted in the urine.
Correct answer is: Uric acid
Q.14 Which of the following amino acids is essential in the human diet?
Serine
Glutamine
Valine
Tyrosine
Explanation - Valine is an essential amino acid, meaning it must be obtained through the diet because the body cannot synthesize it.
Correct answer is: Valine
Q.15 Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the conversion of ATP and creatine to phosphocreatine and ADP?
Creatine kinase
Adenylate kinase
Hexokinase
Lactate dehydrogenase
Explanation - Creatine kinase catalyzes the transfer of phosphate from ATP to creatine to form phosphocreatine, which is important for energy storage in muscles.
Correct answer is: Creatine kinase
Q.16 In which organ is bile produced?
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Small intestine
Explanation - Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It aids in the digestion of fats.
Correct answer is: Liver
Q.17 What is the role of vitamin K in blood clotting?
Promotes platelet aggregation
Activates clotting factors
Increases fibrinolysis
Inhibits clot formation
Explanation - Vitamin K is necessary for the activation of clotting factors in the liver, which are crucial for blood clot formation.
Correct answer is: Activates clotting factors
Q.18 Which of the following is a product of the citric acid cycle?
Lactate
NADH
Pyruvate
Acetyl-CoA
Explanation - The citric acid cycle produces NADH, which is used in the electron transport chain to generate ATP.
Correct answer is: NADH