Q.1 What is the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system?
Neuron
Axon
Glial cell
Dendrite
Explanation - The neuron is the fundamental unit of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting electrical signals.
Correct answer is: Neuron
Q.2 Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons?
Axon
Cell body
Dendrite
Synapse
Explanation - Dendrites are branched extensions of a neuron that receive incoming signals.
Correct answer is: Dendrite
Q.3 What is the protective covering around the brain and spinal cord called?
Myelin sheath
Cerebrospinal fluid
Meninges
Skull
Explanation - The meninges are protective membranes (dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater) surrounding the CNS.
Correct answer is: Meninges
Q.4 Which ion is most important in generating an action potential?
Calcium
Potassium
Sodium
Chloride
Explanation - The influx of sodium ions initiates depolarization during an action potential.
Correct answer is: Sodium
Q.5 The central nervous system (CNS) consists of:
Brain and spinal cord
Nerves and ganglia
Brain and nerves
Spinal cord and ganglia
Explanation - The CNS is made up of the brain and spinal cord, controlling integration and processing.
Correct answer is: Brain and spinal cord
Q.6 Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
Cerebrum
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
Thalamus
Explanation - The cerebellum maintains balance, posture, and fine motor coordination.
Correct answer is: Cerebellum
Q.7 What is the gap between two neurons called?
Axon terminal
Synaptic cleft
Node of Ranvier
Neurofibril
Explanation - The synaptic cleft is the tiny gap where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals between neurons.
Correct answer is: Synaptic cleft
Q.8 Which type of neuron carries impulses from sense organs to the CNS?
Motor neuron
Interneuron
Sensory neuron
Relay neuron
Explanation - Sensory neurons transmit impulses from receptors to the central nervous system.
Correct answer is: Sensory neuron
Q.9 Which lobe of the brain is responsible for vision?
Frontal lobe
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Explanation - The occipital lobe, located at the back of the brain, processes visual information.
Correct answer is: Occipital lobe
Q.10 What is the function of myelin sheath?
Transmit signals
Store neurotransmitters
Increase speed of impulses
Protect neurons from damage
Explanation - Myelin sheath insulates axons and allows faster conduction of nerve impulses.
Correct answer is: Increase speed of impulses
Q.11 Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?
Olfactory nerve
Optic nerve
Trochlear nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Explanation - The optic nerve (cranial nerve II) transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.
Correct answer is: Optic nerve
Q.12 Which neurotransmitter is most associated with muscle contraction?
Dopamine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
GABA
Explanation - Acetylcholine is released at neuromuscular junctions to trigger muscle contraction.
Correct answer is: Acetylcholine
Q.13 Which part of the brain controls heart rate and breathing?
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
Hypothalamus
Midbrain
Explanation - The medulla oblongata regulates vital functions such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure.
Correct answer is: Medulla oblongata
Q.14 What is the function of the thalamus?
Balance control
Relay sensory information
Store memories
Regulate hunger
Explanation - The thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory signals to the cerebral cortex.
Correct answer is: Relay sensory information
Q.15 Which part of the neuron carries impulses away from the cell body?
Dendrite
Axon
Synapse
Nucleus
Explanation - Axons conduct impulses away from the cell body toward other neurons or muscles.
Correct answer is: Axon
Q.16 Which type of glial cells form myelin in the central nervous system?
Schwann cells
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Explanation - Oligodendrocytes myelinate axons in the CNS, while Schwann cells perform this role in the PNS.
Correct answer is: Oligodendrocytes
Q.17 Which part of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for 'fight or flight'?
Somatic
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
Central
Explanation - The sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate, respiration, and energy release during stress.
Correct answer is: Sympathetic
Q.18 Which structure connects the two hemispheres of the brain?
Cerebellum
Corpus callosum
Thalamus
Medulla
Explanation - The corpus callosum is a bundle of nerve fibers that connects the left and right hemispheres.
Correct answer is: Corpus callosum
Q.19 What fluid surrounds the brain and spinal cord for cushioning?
Blood plasma
Cerebrospinal fluid
Lymph
Synovial fluid
Explanation - Cerebrospinal fluid cushions the brain and spinal cord, providing mechanical and chemical protection.
Correct answer is: Cerebrospinal fluid
Q.20 Which lobe of the brain controls voluntary movement?
Temporal lobe
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Explanation - The motor cortex, located in the frontal lobe, controls voluntary muscle movements.
Correct answer is: Frontal lobe
Q.21 What is the junction between a neuron and a muscle called?
Node of Ranvier
Neuromuscular junction
Synaptic cleft
Motor end plate
Explanation - The neuromuscular junction is where a motor neuron communicates with a muscle fiber via acetylcholine.
Correct answer is: Neuromuscular junction
Q.22 Which part of the brain regulates hunger and thirst?
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
Explanation - The hypothalamus regulates hunger, thirst, temperature, and hormonal control.
Correct answer is: Hypothalamus
Q.23 Which nerve is known as the 'wandering nerve' because it extends beyond the head and neck?
Vagus nerve
Facial nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Accessory nerve
Explanation - The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) extends to the thorax and abdomen, regulating many organs.
Correct answer is: Vagus nerve
Q.24 What is the outermost layer of the meninges?
Pia mater
Arachnoid mater
Dura mater
Epidural space
Explanation - The dura mater is the tough, outermost protective layer of the meninges.
Correct answer is: Dura mater
Q.25 Which region of the spinal cord is associated with the nerves of the arms?
Cervical region
Thoracic region
Lumbar region
Sacral region
Explanation - The cervical region of the spinal cord gives rise to nerves that innervate the arms and hands.
Correct answer is: Cervical region