Q.1 What is the largest organ of the human body?
Heart
Skin
Liver
Lungs
Explanation - The skin is the largest organ of the human body, covering the entire surface and playing roles in protection, sensation, and regulation.
Correct answer is: Skin
Q.2 Which layer of the skin is responsible for waterproofing and protection?
Dermis
Hypodermis
Epidermis
Basement membrane
Explanation - The epidermis contains keratinized cells that provide a waterproof barrier and protect the body.
Correct answer is: Epidermis
Q.3 Which protein provides strength and toughness to the skin?
Collagen
Elastin
Keratin
Myosin
Explanation - Keratin is a structural protein in the epidermis that strengthens skin, hair, and nails.
Correct answer is: Keratin
Q.4 Which skin layer contains blood vessels, nerves, and hair follicles?
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
Stratum corneum
Explanation - The dermis is the thick inner layer of skin that contains connective tissue, nerves, blood vessels, and follicles.
Correct answer is: Dermis
Q.5 Which pigment determines skin color?
Keratin
Hemoglobin
Melanin
Collagen
Explanation - Melanin, produced by melanocytes, is the main pigment responsible for skin, hair, and eye color.
Correct answer is: Melanin
Q.6 What is the primary function of sweat glands?
Excrete carbon dioxide
Regulate temperature
Produce sebum
Store energy
Explanation - Sweat glands help regulate body temperature by producing sweat that cools the skin through evaporation.
Correct answer is: Regulate temperature
Q.7 What type of sweat glands are active during puberty and associated with body odor?
Eccrine glands
Apocrine glands
Sebaceous glands
Ceruminous glands
Explanation - Apocrine glands are located in areas like the armpits and groin and produce odor when bacteria act on their secretions.
Correct answer is: Apocrine glands
Q.8 Which layer anchors the skin to underlying tissues?
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
Stratum basale
Explanation - The hypodermis, also known as the subcutaneous layer, connects skin to underlying structures and stores fat.
Correct answer is: Hypodermis
Q.9 Which skin layer undergoes continuous cell division?
Stratum corneum
Stratum basale
Dermis
Hypodermis
Explanation - The stratum basale is the deepest layer of the epidermis where mitosis occurs, producing new skin cells.
Correct answer is: Stratum basale
Q.10 Which type of connective tissue predominates in the dermis?
Adipose tissue
Dense irregular connective tissue
Cartilage
Loose connective tissue
Explanation - The dermis is primarily made of dense irregular connective tissue that provides strength and elasticity.
Correct answer is: Dense irregular connective tissue
Q.11 What is the oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands?
Sweat
Sebum
Melanin
Keratin
Explanation - Sebum lubricates the skin and hair, providing waterproofing and antibacterial properties.
Correct answer is: Sebum
Q.12 Which sensory receptors detect pressure and vibration in the skin?
Merkel cells
Meissner’s corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles
Free nerve endings
Explanation - Pacinian corpuscles are mechanoreceptors that sense deep pressure and vibration.
Correct answer is: Pacinian corpuscles
Q.13 Which vitamin is synthesized by the skin when exposed to sunlight?
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Explanation - UV light stimulates the skin to produce vitamin D, which is essential for calcium absorption.
Correct answer is: Vitamin D
Q.14 Which epidermal layer is only found in thick skin like palms and soles?
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Explanation - The stratum lucidum is a translucent layer present only in thick skin for extra protection.
Correct answer is: Stratum lucidum
Q.15 Which structure produces hair?
Hair shaft
Hair follicle
Sebaceous gland
Dermal papilla
Explanation - Hair follicles are epidermal structures that generate hair growth.
Correct answer is: Hair follicle
Q.16 What type of burn damages all layers of skin and underlying tissues?
First-degree
Second-degree
Third-degree
Superficial burn
Explanation - Third-degree burns penetrate through the epidermis, dermis, and can damage deeper tissues.
Correct answer is: Third-degree
Q.17 Which cells in the epidermis function as immune defense?
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Keratinocytes
Merkel cells
Explanation - Langerhans cells are antigen-presenting cells in the epidermis, part of the immune defense system.
Correct answer is: Langerhans cells
Q.18 Which condition results from excessive melanin production?
Vitiligo
Freckles
Albinism
Psoriasis
Explanation - Freckles are small, pigmented spots caused by localized increases in melanin.
Correct answer is: Freckles
Q.19 Which skin receptor is responsible for detecting light touch?
Pacinian corpuscles
Meissner’s corpuscles
Ruffini endings
Merkel cells
Explanation - Meissner’s corpuscles are sensitive to light touch and located in the dermal papillae of glabrous skin.
Correct answer is: Meissner’s corpuscles
Q.20 What causes goosebumps on the skin?
Contraction of arrector pili muscles
Sweat gland secretion
Sebaceous gland activity
Blood vessel dilation
Explanation - Arrector pili muscles contract to raise hair follicles, producing goosebumps as a response to cold or fear.
Correct answer is: Contraction of arrector pili muscles
Q.21 Which of the following is NOT part of the integumentary system?
Nails
Hair
Skin
Kidneys
Explanation - The integumentary system includes skin, hair, nails, and glands, but not internal organs like kidneys.
Correct answer is: Kidneys
Q.22 What is the outermost layer of the epidermis called?
Stratum granulosum
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum spinosum
Explanation - The stratum corneum consists of dead keratinized cells that form the skin’s protective outer barrier.
Correct answer is: Stratum corneum
Q.23 Which type of burn involves blister formation?
First-degree
Second-degree
Third-degree
Deep burn
Explanation - Second-degree burns damage both the epidermis and dermis, leading to blistering and pain.
Correct answer is: Second-degree
Q.24 Which cells are responsible for skin pigmentation?
Keratinocytes
Fibroblasts
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Explanation - Melanocytes in the epidermis produce melanin pigment that gives skin its color.
Correct answer is: Melanocytes
Q.25 Which integumentary structure protects the tips of fingers and toes?
Hair
Sebaceous glands
Nails
Sweat glands
Explanation - Nails are made of keratin and protect the sensitive tips of fingers and toes.
Correct answer is: Nails