Q.1 Which joint type allows the greatest range of motion?
Hinge joint
Ball-and-socket joint
Pivot joint
Saddle joint
Explanation - Ball-and-socket joints like the shoulder and hip allow movement in multiple planes, including rotation, making them the most mobile joints.
Correct answer is: Ball-and-socket joint
Q.2 Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexion at the elbow?
Triceps brachii
Biceps brachii
Deltoid
Brachioradialis
Explanation - The biceps brachii contracts to flex the forearm at the elbow joint.
Correct answer is: Biceps brachii
Q.3 The diaphragm is essential for which physiological process?
Digestion
Breathing
Circulation
Excretion
Explanation - The diaphragm contracts and flattens to expand the thoracic cavity, enabling inhalation.
Correct answer is: Breathing
Q.4 Which structure prevents hyperextension of the knee?
ACL
PCL
Patellar tendon
Meniscus
Explanation - The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) stabilizes the knee by preventing anterior translation and hyperextension of the tibia.
Correct answer is: ACL
Q.5 Which muscle group is primarily responsible for hip extension?
Quadriceps
Hamstrings
Adductors
Abdominals
Explanation - The hamstrings, particularly the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus, extend the hip.
Correct answer is: Hamstrings
Q.6 Which type of lever is most common in the human body?
First-class
Second-class
Third-class
Fourth-class
Explanation - Most body movements, like flexion of the arm, operate as third-class levers with effort applied between fulcrum and load.
Correct answer is: Third-class
Q.7 Which joint connects the axial skeleton to the upper limb?
Sternoclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular joint
Glenohumeral joint
Scapulothoracic joint
Explanation - The sternoclavicular joint is the only true articulation between the axial skeleton and the upper limb.
Correct answer is: Sternoclavicular joint
Q.8 What is the main action of the rectus abdominis?
Spinal extension
Spinal flexion
Lateral flexion
Rotation
Explanation - The rectus abdominis flexes the vertebral column, as in bending forward.
Correct answer is: Spinal flexion
Q.9 Which movement decreases the angle between bones at a joint?
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Explanation - Flexion reduces the angle between two bones, such as bending the elbow.
Correct answer is: Flexion
Q.10 Which muscle forms the calf of the leg?
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Tibialis anterior
Peroneus longus
Explanation - The gastrocnemius, together with the soleus, forms the calf and is responsible for plantarflexion.
Correct answer is: Gastrocnemius
Q.11 Which functional classification describes immovable joints?
Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis
Cartilaginous
Explanation - Synarthroses are immovable joints, such as sutures in the skull.
Correct answer is: Synarthrosis
Q.12 Which shoulder muscle initiates abduction of the arm?
Deltoid
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Explanation - The supraspinatus initiates the first 15 degrees of arm abduction before the deltoid takes over.
Correct answer is: Supraspinatus
Q.13 Which type of synovial joint is the elbow?
Hinge
Ball-and-socket
Saddle
Pivot
Explanation - The elbow is a hinge joint, allowing flexion and extension.
Correct answer is: Hinge
Q.14 Which muscle stabilizes the scapula against the thoracic wall?
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Serratus anterior
Rhomboids
Explanation - The serratus anterior prevents winging of the scapula by holding it against the thoracic wall.
Correct answer is: Serratus anterior
Q.15 The Achilles tendon connects to which muscle group?
Quadriceps
Hamstrings
Calf muscles
Gluteal muscles
Explanation - The Achilles tendon attaches the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles to the calcaneus.
Correct answer is: Calf muscles
Q.16 Which plane divides the body into right and left halves?
Frontal plane
Sagittal plane
Transverse plane
Oblique plane
Explanation - The sagittal plane divides the body into right and left portions.
Correct answer is: Sagittal plane
Q.17 Which muscle is the prime mover in shoulder abduction beyond 15 degrees?
Supraspinatus
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Explanation - The deltoid abducts the arm beyond 15 degrees after initiation by supraspinatus.
Correct answer is: Deltoid
Q.18 Which structure cushions and reduces friction in synovial joints?
Ligament
Bursa
Meniscus
Tendon
Explanation - Bursae are fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between tendons, ligaments, and bones.
Correct answer is: Bursa
Q.19 Which movement describes lifting the arm sideways away from the body?
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Explanation - Abduction refers to moving a limb away from the midline, such as raising the arm to the side.
Correct answer is: Abduction
Q.20 Which muscle is called the 'boxer’s muscle'?
Pectoralis major
Deltoid
Serratus anterior
Latissimus dorsi
Explanation - The serratus anterior protracts the scapula, essential for punching and pushing movements.
Correct answer is: Serratus anterior
Q.21 Which ligament prevents posterior displacement of the tibia?
ACL
MCL
LCL
PCL
Explanation - The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) prevents backward displacement of the tibia relative to the femur.
Correct answer is: PCL
Q.22 Which muscle is primarily used in dorsiflexion of the foot?
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Tibialis anterior
Peroneus longus
Explanation - The tibialis anterior dorsiflexes and inverts the foot.
Correct answer is: Tibialis anterior
Q.23 Which spinal region allows the most rotation?
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Explanation - The cervical spine, especially at the atlas and axis, allows the greatest rotational movement of the head.
Correct answer is: Cervical
Q.24 Which term describes movement of the thumb across the palm to touch the fingers?
Opposition
Abduction
Flexion
Extension
Explanation - Opposition is a special movement of the thumb that enables grasping.
Correct answer is: Opposition
Q.25 Which bone forms the heel?
Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular
Cuboid
Explanation - The calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone and forms the heel of the foot.
Correct answer is: Calcaneus