Q.1 Which gland is known as the master gland of the endocrine system?
Thyroid gland
Pituitary gland
Adrenal gland
Pineal gland
Explanation - The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it controls the activity of many other endocrine glands.
Correct answer is: Pituitary gland
Q.2 Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?
Insulin
Thyroxine
Cortisol
Adrenaline
Explanation - Insulin, secreted by the pancreas, lowers blood sugar by helping cells absorb glucose.
Correct answer is: Insulin
Q.3 Where is the thyroid gland located?
In the brain
In the neck
On the kidney
Behind the stomach
Explanation - The thyroid gland is located in the neck, in front of the trachea.
Correct answer is: In the neck
Q.4 Which gland produces melatonin?
Thyroid gland
Pineal gland
Pituitary gland
Adrenal gland
Explanation - The pineal gland secretes melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles.
Correct answer is: Pineal gland
Q.5 What hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla during stress?
Cortisol
Insulin
Adrenaline
Thyroxine
Explanation - Adrenaline is secreted by the adrenal medulla and helps the body respond to stress (fight-or-flight response).
Correct answer is: Adrenaline
Q.6 Which hormone stimulates growth in children?
Insulin
Growth hormone
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Explanation - The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which stimulates body growth.
Correct answer is: Growth hormone
Q.7 The islets of Langerhans are found in which gland?
Pancreas
Adrenal gland
Thyroid gland
Pituitary gland
Explanation - The pancreas contains clusters of cells called islets of Langerhans that produce insulin and glucagon.
Correct answer is: Pancreas
Q.8 Which hormone increases the metabolic rate of the body?
Thyroxine
Insulin
Aldosterone
Progesterone
Explanation - Thyroxine, secreted by the thyroid gland, regulates metabolism.
Correct answer is: Thyroxine
Q.9 Which endocrine gland controls calcium levels in the blood?
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Adrenal gland
Explanation - The parathyroid glands regulate calcium and phosphate balance by secreting parathyroid hormone (PTH).
Correct answer is: Parathyroid gland
Q.10 Which hormone is responsible for 'fight or flight' response?
Adrenaline
Insulin
Oxytocin
Glucagon
Explanation - Adrenaline prepares the body for emergencies by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and glucose levels.
Correct answer is: Adrenaline
Q.11 Which hormone helps in childbirth by causing uterine contractions?
Prolactin
Oxytocin
Estrogen
Progesterone
Explanation - Oxytocin, secreted by the posterior pituitary, stimulates uterine contractions during labor.
Correct answer is: Oxytocin
Q.12 Which gland is located on top of the kidneys?
Adrenal gland
Thyroid gland
Pituitary gland
Pineal gland
Explanation - The adrenal glands sit on top of the kidneys and secrete hormones like cortisol and adrenaline.
Correct answer is: Adrenal gland
Q.13 Which hormone stimulates milk production after childbirth?
Oxytocin
Prolactin
Estrogen
Testosterone
Explanation - Prolactin, secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, promotes milk production in mammary glands.
Correct answer is: Prolactin
Q.14 What type of hormone is testosterone?
Peptide hormone
Steroid hormone
Amino acid derivative
Protein hormone
Explanation - Testosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the testes that regulates male characteristics.
Correct answer is: Steroid hormone
Q.15 Which hormone helps regulate water balance in the body?
Insulin
ADH
Thyroxine
Glucagon
Explanation - Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) helps conserve water by reducing urine output in the kidneys.
Correct answer is: ADH
Q.16 Which hormone increases blood calcium by breaking down bone tissue?
Calcitonin
Parathyroid hormone
Insulin
Cortisol
Explanation - PTH raises blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption and increasing calcium absorption.
Correct answer is: Parathyroid hormone
Q.17 Which gland produces both endocrine and exocrine secretions?
Thyroid
Pituitary
Pancreas
Adrenal
Explanation - The pancreas acts as both endocrine (insulin, glucagon) and exocrine (digestive enzymes) gland.
Correct answer is: Pancreas
Q.18 Which hormone is important for female secondary sexual characteristics?
Progesterone
Estrogen
Testosterone
Oxytocin
Explanation - Estrogen regulates female reproductive development and secondary sexual features.
Correct answer is: Estrogen
Q.19 Which hormone lowers blood sugar by promoting glucose uptake in cells?
Glucagon
Insulin
Cortisol
Thyroxine
Explanation - Insulin facilitates glucose uptake by body cells, lowering blood sugar.
Correct answer is: Insulin
Q.20 Which hormone is secreted during long-term stress to maintain blood glucose?
Cortisol
Adrenaline
Glucagon
Thyroxine
Explanation - Cortisol is secreted by the adrenal cortex and maintains glucose supply during stress.
Correct answer is: Cortisol
Q.21 Which gland shrinks after puberty?
Pituitary gland
Pineal gland
Thymus gland
Adrenal gland
Explanation - The thymus gland, which plays a role in immune system development, shrinks after puberty.
Correct answer is: Thymus gland
Q.22 Which hormone stimulates egg release (ovulation) in females?
FSH
LH
Prolactin
Estrogen
Explanation - Luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary triggers ovulation in females.
Correct answer is: LH
Q.23 Which gland is located just above the hypothalamus?
Pineal gland
Pituitary gland
Adrenal gland
Thyroid gland
Explanation - The pineal gland lies above the hypothalamus and secretes melatonin.
Correct answer is: Pineal gland
Q.24 Which hormone regulates sodium and potassium levels?
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Adrenaline
Glucagon
Explanation - Aldosterone, secreted by the adrenal cortex, helps regulate sodium and potassium balance.
Correct answer is: Aldosterone
Q.25 Which hormone plays a role in regulating circadian rhythms?
Melatonin
Cortisol
Thyroxine
ADH
Explanation - Melatonin, secreted by the pineal gland, helps regulate sleep-wake cycles.
Correct answer is: Melatonin