Q.1 Which of the following is the first part of the digestive system?
Stomach
Mouth
Esophagus
Pharynx
Explanation - Digestion begins in the mouth where food is mechanically broken down by chewing and chemically by saliva.
Correct answer is: Mouth
Q.2 What enzyme is present in saliva to break down starch?
Amylase
Pepsin
Lipase
Trypsin
Explanation - Salivary amylase breaks down starch into maltose during the initial phase of digestion.
Correct answer is: Amylase
Q.3 Which organ is responsible for storing bile?
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Stomach
Explanation - The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver.
Correct answer is: Gallbladder
Q.4 The primary site for nutrient absorption is:
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Esophagus
Explanation - The small intestine has villi and microvilli that maximize absorption of nutrients.
Correct answer is: Small intestine
Q.5 Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea?
Uvula
Epiglottis
Pharynx
Soft palate
Explanation - The epiglottis acts as a flap covering the trachea during swallowing.
Correct answer is: Epiglottis
Q.6 Pepsin is an enzyme that digests:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Nucleic acids
Explanation - Pepsin, found in gastric juice, breaks proteins into smaller peptides.
Correct answer is: Proteins
Q.7 Which of these organs produces insulin and digestive enzymes?
Liver
Stomach
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Explanation - The pancreas has both endocrine (insulin) and exocrine (digestive enzymes) functions.
Correct answer is: Pancreas
Q.8 The wave-like contractions of the digestive tract are called:
Segmentation
Peristalsis
Churning
Bolus movement
Explanation - Peristalsis are rhythmic contractions that move food through the digestive system.
Correct answer is: Peristalsis
Q.9 Which part of the digestive system absorbs water and electrolytes?
Small intestine
Large intestine
Stomach
Rectum
Explanation - The large intestine mainly absorbs water and electrolytes, forming solid feces.
Correct answer is: Large intestine
Q.10 The liver produces bile, which helps in the digestion of:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Minerals
Explanation - Bile emulsifies fats into smaller droplets for easier enzyme action.
Correct answer is: Fats
Q.11 Which section of the small intestine is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption?
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Cecum
Explanation - The jejunum has numerous villi and is specialized for absorption of nutrients.
Correct answer is: Jejunum
Q.12 What is the main function of the stomach?
Protein digestion
Nutrient absorption
Fat emulsification
Water reabsorption
Explanation - The stomach secretes acid and pepsin, starting the digestion of proteins.
Correct answer is: Protein digestion
Q.13 Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor for absorption?
Vitamin A
Vitamin B12
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Explanation - Intrinsic factor secreted by stomach parietal cells is essential for Vitamin B12 absorption in the ileum.
Correct answer is: Vitamin B12
Q.14 The appendix is attached to which part of the digestive system?
Ileum
Cecum
Jejunum
Colon
Explanation - The appendix is a narrow tube connected to the cecum of the large intestine.
Correct answer is: Cecum
Q.15 Which cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid?
Chief cells
Parietal cells
Goblet cells
Enterocytes
Explanation - Parietal cells produce hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.
Correct answer is: Parietal cells
Q.16 Which part of the digestive system is responsible for the majority of chemical digestion?
Stomach
Duodenum
Jejunum
Large intestine
Explanation - The duodenum receives bile and pancreatic enzymes, making it the site of most chemical digestion.
Correct answer is: Duodenum
Q.17 Where is the pyloric sphincter located?
Between stomach and duodenum
Between esophagus and stomach
Between ileum and cecum
Between rectum and anus
Explanation - The pyloric sphincter regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum.
Correct answer is: Between stomach and duodenum
Q.18 Which type of teeth are adapted for grinding food?
Incisors
Canines
Premolars
Molars
Explanation - Molars have broad, flat surfaces for grinding food into smaller particles.
Correct answer is: Molars
Q.19 The brush border enzymes are found in the:
Stomach
Pancreas
Small intestine
Large intestine
Explanation - Brush border enzymes are located on the microvilli of the small intestine, aiding in final digestion.
Correct answer is: Small intestine
Q.20 Which of these is NOT a salivary gland?
Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular
Adrenal
Explanation - The adrenal gland is an endocrine gland, not part of the salivary system.
Correct answer is: Adrenal
Q.21 The movement of digested food into the bloodstream is called:
Ingestion
Absorption
Assimilation
Egestion
Explanation - Absorption is the process by which nutrients are absorbed into the blood or lymph.
Correct answer is: Absorption
Q.22 Which of these hormones stimulates release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas?
Gastrin
Secretin
Cholecystokinin
Insulin
Explanation - Cholecystokinin stimulates pancreatic enzyme release and gallbladder contraction.
Correct answer is: Cholecystokinin
Q.23 The rectum ends with the:
Ileum
Anal canal
Sigmoid colon
Appendix
Explanation - The anal canal is the terminal portion of the rectum, leading to the anus.
Correct answer is: Anal canal
Q.24 The esophagus passes through the diaphragm at which opening?
Aortic hiatus
Esophageal hiatus
Caval opening
Thoracic inlet
Explanation - The esophagus passes through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm.
Correct answer is: Esophageal hiatus
Q.25 Which part of the digestive system has villi and microvilli?
Large intestine
Small intestine
Stomach
Esophagus
Explanation - Villi and microvilli in the small intestine increase surface area for absorption.
Correct answer is: Small intestine