Q.1 Which artery is most commonly involved in peripheral arterial disease (PAD)?
Femoral artery
Brachial artery
Carotid artery
Subclavian artery
Explanation - The femoral and popliteal arteries are most commonly affected in PAD due to atherosclerosis in lower limbs.
Correct answer is: Femoral artery
Q.2 The gold standard for diagnosing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is:
D-dimer test
CT angiography
Duplex ultrasound
MRI venography
Explanation - Duplex ultrasound is non-invasive, widely available, and highly sensitive for detecting DVT.
Correct answer is: Duplex ultrasound
Q.3 Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
Smoking
Male gender
Hypertension
Hypothyroidism
Explanation - Smoking, male gender, and hypertension are major risk factors. Hypothyroidism is not related to AAA.
Correct answer is: Hypothyroidism
Q.4 The most common site of atherosclerotic occlusion in the lower extremity is:
Aortic bifurcation
Common femoral artery
Superficial femoral artery
Popliteal artery
Explanation - The superficial femoral artery at the adductor canal is the most common site for occlusion.
Correct answer is: Superficial femoral artery
Q.5 Which imaging modality is preferred for preoperative planning of an AAA repair?
Chest X-ray
CT angiography
Duplex ultrasound
MRI
Explanation - CT angiography provides detailed anatomic information required for planning endovascular or open AAA repair.
Correct answer is: CT angiography
Q.6 The most common cause of acute arterial occlusion is:
Atherosclerotic plaque rupture
Thrombosis in situ
Arterial embolism
Vasculitis
Explanation - Embolism, commonly from atrial fibrillation, is the leading cause of sudden arterial occlusion.
Correct answer is: Arterial embolism
Q.7 Which of the following is a feature of critical limb ischemia?
Intermittent claudication
Rest pain
Exertional leg cramps
Calf tenderness
Explanation - Rest pain, often worse at night, is a hallmark of critical limb ischemia along with non-healing ulcers.
Correct answer is: Rest pain
Q.8 The mainstay treatment for chronic venous insufficiency is:
Anticoagulation
Elastic compression stockings
Endarterectomy
Bypass surgery
Explanation - Graduated compression therapy is the cornerstone for managing venous insufficiency.
Correct answer is: Elastic compression stockings
Q.9 Which condition is characterized by sudden tearing chest pain radiating to the back?
Myocardial infarction
Aortic dissection
Pulmonary embolism
Pneumothorax
Explanation - Aortic dissection presents with acute, severe, tearing chest pain radiating to the back.
Correct answer is: Aortic dissection
Q.10 Which vein is most commonly affected in varicose veins?
Short saphenous vein
Deep femoral vein
Great saphenous vein
Popliteal vein
Explanation - The great saphenous vein and its tributaries are most commonly involved in varicose veins.
Correct answer is: Great saphenous vein
Q.11 Which of the following is the most common complication of carotid endarterectomy?
Stroke
Myocardial infarction
Wound infection
Nerve injury
Explanation - Stroke due to embolization or thrombosis is the most serious complication of carotid endarterectomy.
Correct answer is: Stroke
Q.12 Leriche’s syndrome is characterized by occlusion of:
Carotid bifurcation
Abdominal aortic bifurcation
Femoral artery
Popliteal artery
Explanation - Leriche’s syndrome involves occlusion at the aortic bifurcation leading to buttock claudication and impotence.
Correct answer is: Abdominal aortic bifurcation
Q.13 Which of the following is an indication for surgical intervention in asymptomatic AAA?
Diameter >3.5 cm
Diameter >5.5 cm
Diameter <3 cm
Any calcification
Explanation - Elective repair is recommended in asymptomatic AAA when the diameter exceeds 5.5 cm due to rupture risk.
Correct answer is: Diameter >5.5 cm
Q.14 The most common location of peripheral aneurysm is:
Femoral artery
Popliteal artery
Carotid artery
Radial artery
Explanation - Popliteal artery aneurysms are the most frequent peripheral arterial aneurysms.
Correct answer is: Popliteal artery
Q.15 Which drug is commonly used for medical management of PAD?
Aspirin
Heparin
Warfarin
Thrombolytics
Explanation - Antiplatelet agents like aspirin reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in PAD.
Correct answer is: Aspirin
Q.16 Which classification system is used for chronic venous disorders?
CEAP classification
Rutherford classification
Fontaine classification
NYHA classification
Explanation - CEAP (Clinical, Etiological, Anatomical, Pathophysiological) classification is standard for venous disease.
Correct answer is: CEAP classification
Q.17 Which of the following is a late complication of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR)?
Endoleak
Bleeding
Wound infection
Arrhythmia
Explanation - Endoleak is a persistent blood flow into the aneurysm sac after EVAR and is the most common late complication.
Correct answer is: Endoleak
Q.18 Which sign is associated with DVT?
Homans’ sign
Trousseau’s sign
Chvostek’s sign
Murphy’s sign
Explanation - Pain on dorsiflexion of the foot (Homans’ sign) may indicate DVT, though it is not highly specific.
Correct answer is: Homans’ sign
Q.19 The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is diagnostic for PAD when:
ABI >1.4
ABI <0.9
ABI =1.0
ABI >1.2
Explanation - An ABI less than 0.9 indicates peripheral arterial disease.
Correct answer is: ABI <0.9
Q.20 Which surgical procedure is most commonly used for carotid artery stenosis?
Carotid endarterectomy
Carotid ligation
Carotid stenting
Endovascular thrombectomy
Explanation - Carotid endarterectomy is the standard surgical treatment for significant symptomatic carotid stenosis.
Correct answer is: Carotid endarterectomy
Q.21 The classic triad of ruptured AAA includes:
Chest pain, syncope, tachycardia
Back pain, pulsatile abdominal mass, hypotension
Hematuria, flank pain, hypertension
Abdominal distension, fever, jaundice
Explanation - The classic triad of ruptured AAA is severe back pain, pulsatile mass, and hypotension.
Correct answer is: Back pain, pulsatile abdominal mass, hypotension
Q.22 Which nerve is most at risk during varicose vein surgery?
Femoral nerve
Saphenous nerve
Sciatic nerve
Obturator nerve
Explanation - The saphenous nerve runs close to the great saphenous vein and is at risk during surgery.
Correct answer is: Saphenous nerve
Q.23 Claudication distance is best defined as:
Distance walked without pain
Distance after which pain occurs
Distance covered in 1 hour
Pain-free exercise limit
Explanation - Claudication distance refers to the distance walked before onset of ischemic pain in PAD.
Correct answer is: Distance after which pain occurs
Q.24 Which condition is characterized by Raynaud’s phenomenon?
Vasospasm of digital arteries
Atherosclerosis of leg arteries
Varicose veins
Deep vein thrombosis
Explanation - Raynaud’s phenomenon results from episodic vasospasm of the small arteries in fingers and toes.
Correct answer is: Vasospasm of digital arteries
Q.25 Which artery is most commonly involved in upper limb ischemia?
Subclavian artery
Brachial artery
Radial artery
Ulnar artery
Explanation - The subclavian artery is the most frequent site of occlusion leading to upper limb ischemia.
Correct answer is: Subclavian artery